Performance Analysis of Adaptive MIMO OFDM System over Adaptive SISO OFDM System

The need of any communication system is high data speed with higher accuracy and reliability. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) provides optimistic solution for achieving high data rates in wireless environment. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is one of the multicarrier modulations, in which all of the sub channels are dedicated to a single data source In an OFDM transmission system, each subcarrier is attenuated individually under the frequency-selective and fast fading channel. If the same fixed transmission scheme is used for all OFDM subcarriers, it results in high attenuation and hence poor performance. Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication systems when integrated with the OFDM system can obtain high data rate transmission over broadband wireless channels. The purpose of this paper is to compare adaptive single input single output (ASISO) -OFDM with adaptive multiple input multiple output(AMIMO) -OFDM system and why MIMO is better than SISO is stated. Based on calculated average instantaneous signal to noise (SNR) same modulation scheme is applied to all subcarriers of same block. Average bit error rate (BER) performance of MIMO-OFDM system under fixed modulation and adaptive modulation is observed. The simulation results show that BER performance of MIMO-OFDM system using adaptive modulation is better than fixed modulation. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150518

A Study on Comparing the Performance of Low Cost RFID Authentication Protocols

Abstract ----Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a new technology that is used everywhere as RFID tags will be applied to every-day items in order to yield great productivity gains or "smart" applications for users. The use of RFID tags opens up the possibility for various attacks violating user privacy. This paper describes a complete analysis of various authentication protocols in three perspectives, namely data protection, tracking protection, and forward security

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Management of Low Birth Weight (LBW) Babies among Postnatal Mothers in Selected Community at Gwalior

Background: Low birth weight is one of the important causes for the high infant mortality rate in developing countries. In India during the year 1991, the IMR was 80 per 1000 live births & neonatal mortality rate (NMR) was 51 per 1000 live births.LBW babies have been reported to lag behind their heavier counterpart in development for the rest of their lives. Objective: The present study attempted to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding management of low birth weight (LBW) babies among postnatal mothers. Methods: In the present study, evaluative research approach was selected; one group pre-test and post-test design was adopted. The structured interview schedule on management of low birth weight (LBW) babies among postnatal Mothers was used to collect the data. The main study was conducted at Kedarpur and Barai rural community Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, with the sample size of 40 postnatal mothers selected by using convenient sampling technique and the collected data were analyzed and interpreted based on descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The overall mean score of the subjects in pre-test was 56.25% with standard deviation 2.80. In post-test, the mean percentage of the Overall means score of the subjects in post-test was 76.25% with standard deviation 2.28. The obtained ‘t’ value was greater than the table value and found to be highly significant at the level of p<0.005. The findings evidenced structured teaching programme was effective in increasing the knowledge of the postnatal mothers regarding management of low birth weight (LBW) babies. Conclusion: The study concluded that there was a significant improvement in the knowledge after structured teaching programme. Thus structured teaching programme is effective in improving the knowledge of the mothers

Web Application Shielding

In the olden days computer networks were used for sending emails so there was no issue of security but now a days people who are using internet as sharing tool are hacking the financial products like credit cards, debit cards by hacking the pin numbers and passwords and are misusing the accounts. There are several threats for the online applications such as hacking, intrusion and so on. Nowadays, application security is rapidly being recognized as a top priority. The systems store and retrieve knowledge and it'll shield the information from unauthorized users, disclosure, modification or destruction. Systems can make sure that the users have the authority to access the information, load new knowledge, or update existing knowledge. It is a very huge and complex task to provide security for a web application. So to avoid such problems a Web Application Shielding with the help of encryption techniques can be developed. This prevents hackers from exploiting vulnerabilities. This provides a higher level of security

Physician and patient attitudes towards complementary and alternative medicine in obstetrics and gynecology

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In the U.S., complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use is most prevalent among reproductive age, educated women. We sought to determine general attitudes and approaches to CAM among obstetric and gynecology patients and physicians.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Obstetrician-gynecologist members of the American Medical Association in the state of Michigan and obstetric-gynecology patients at the University of Michigan were surveyed. Physician and patient attitudes and practices regarding CAM were characterized.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Surveys were obtained from 401 physicians and 483 patients. Physicians appeared to have a more positive attitude towards CAM as compared to patients, and most reported routinely endorsing, providing or referring patients for at least one CAM modality. The most commonly used CAM interventions by patients were divergent from those rated highest among physicians, and most patients did not consult with a health care provider prior to starting CAM.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Although obstetrics/gynecology physicians and patients have a positive attitude towards CAM, physician and patients' view of the most effective CAM therapies were incongruent. Obstetrician/gynecologists should routinely ask their patients about their use of CAM with the goal of providing responsible, evidence-based advice to optimize patient care.</p

How participatory is parental consent in low literacy rural settings in low income countries? Lessons learned from a community based study of infants in South India

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A requisite for ethical human subjects research is that participation should be informed and voluntary. Participation during the informed consent process by way of asking questions is an indicator of the extent to which consent is informed.</p> <p>Aims</p> <p>The aims of this study were to assess the extent to which parents providing consent for children's participation in an observational tuberculosis (TB) research study in India actively participated during the informed consent discussion, and to identify correlates of that participation.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In an observational cohort study of tuberculosis in infants in South India, field supervisors who were responsible for obtaining informed consent noted down questions asked during the informed consent discussions for 4,382 infants who were enrolled in the study. These questions were post-coded by topic. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was conducted to examine factors associated with asking at least one question during the informed consent process.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In total, 590 out of 4,382 (13.4%) parents/guardians asked any question during the informed consent process. We found that the likelihood of parents asking questions during the informed consent process was significantly associated with education level of either parent both parents being present, and location.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The findings have implications for planning the informed consent process in a largely rural setting with low levels of literacy. Greater effort needs to be directed towards developing simple participatory communication materials for the informed consent process. Furthermore, including both parents in a discussion about a child's participation in a research study may increase the extent to which consent is truly informed. Finally, continuing efforts need to be made to improve the communication skills of research workers with regard to explaining research processes and putting potential research participants at ease.</p

Inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-B signaling reduces growth in medulloblastoma in vivo

Abstract Background Medulloblastoma is a highly malignant pediatric brain tumor that requires surgery, whole brain and spine irradiation, and intense chemotherapy for treatment. A more sophisticated understanding of the pathophysiology of medulloblastoma is needed to successfully reduce the intensity of treatment and improve outcomes. Nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB) is a signaling pathway that controls transcriptional activation of genes important for tight regulation of many cellular processes and is aberrantly expressed in many types of cancer. Methods To test the importance of NFκB to medulloblastoma cell growth, the effects of multiple drugs that inhibit NFκB, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, diethyldithiocarbamate, sulfasalazine, curcumin and bortezomib, were studied in medulloblastoma cell lines compared to a malignant glioma cell line and normal neurons. Expression of endogenous NFκB was investigated in cultured cells, xenograft flank tumors, and primary human tumor samples. A dominant negative construct for the endogenous inhibitor of NFκB, IκB, was prepared from medulloblastoma cell lines and flank tumors were established to allow specific pathway inhibition. Results We report high constitutive activity of the canonical NFκB pathway, as seen by Western analysis of the NFκB subunit p65, in medulloblastoma tumors compared to normal brain. The p65 subunit of NFκB is extremely highly expressed in xenograft tumors from human medulloblastoma cell lines; though, conversely, the same cells in culture have minimal expression without specific stimulation. We demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of NFκB in cell lines halts proliferation and leads to apoptosis. We show by immunohistochemical stain that phosphorylated p65 is found in the majority of primary tumor cells examined. Finally, expression of a dominant negative form of the endogenous inhibitor of NFκB, dnIκB, resulted in poor xenograft tumor growth, with average tumor volumes 40% smaller than controls. Conclusions These data collectively demonstrate that NFκB signaling is important for medulloblastoma tumor growth, and that inhibition can reduce tumor size and viability in vivo. We discuss the implications of NFκB signaling on the approach to managing patients with medulloblastoma in order to improve clinical outcomes.</p