PERTANGGUNG JAWABAN HUKUM TERHADAP PELAKU PENGGELAPAN DALAM JABATAN

This study aims to analyze the legal responsibility of perpetrators of embezzlement in office based on Indonesian criminal law. The research employs a normative juridical method with statutory and case approaches, utilizing secondary data such as legislation, court decisions, and relevant scientific literature. The results indicate that embezzlement in office is a specific criminal offense involving abuse of trust and authority attached to a position. Criminal liability is determined based on the fulfillment of both objective and subjective elements of the offense, including intent and the resulting losses. Firm law enforcement, along with preventive measures such as strengthening supervision and integrity, is essential to effectively address this type of crimeThis study aims to analyze the legal responsibility of perpetrators of embezzlement in office based on Indonesian criminal law. The research employs a normative juridical method with statutory and case approaches, utilizing secondary data such as legislation, court decisions, and relevant scientific literature. The results indicate that embezzlement in office is a specific criminal offense involving abuse of trust and authority attached to a position. Criminal liability is determined based on the fulfillment of both objective and subjective elements of the offense, including intent and the resulting losses. Firm law enforcement, along with preventive measures such as strengthening supervision and integrity, is essential to effectively address this type of crime

Analisis Keberlanjutan Usaha Ternak Sapi Perah Di Kecamatan Krucil Kabupaten Probolinggo

Dairy cattle farming contributes to the Indonesian economy by improving food security. Probolinggo Regency is one of the regions with significant potential for the development of dairy farming. One of the districts in Probolinggo Regency with a considerable dairy cattle population is Krucil District. This study aimed to identify the social, economic, infrastructure and technology, as well as legal and institutional dimensions.The research employed qualitative descriptive and explanatory methods using a survey approach. The results of the study on the sustainability of dairy cattle farming showed that, in the social dimension, the level of education of farmers was categorized as low and the age of farmers tended to be advanced. However, other aspects such as time allocation for livestock activities, community access and perceptions, as well as social roles and patterns of community relationships in dairy farming activities were categorized as high. These conditions can encourage participation and support the continuity of dairy farming enterprises.Indicators in the economic dimension were generally in the moderate category, indicating that dairy farming businesses have not yet been optimized and therefore have not created a highly competitive agribusiness system. Infrastructure and technology play an important role in supporting dairy cattle farming, as reflected by the relatively moderate score in the infrastructure and technology dimension. The legal and institutional aspects showed an average moderate value, indicating that legal and institutional functions have not been fully optimized. Nevertheless, the existence of farmer groups and the involvement of farmers play an important role in supporting the progress of dairy farming enterprises.Usaha peternakan sapi perah memberikan kontribusi bagi perekonomian di Indonesia dalam meningkatkan ketahanan pangan. Kabupaten Probolinggo merupakan salah satu kabupaten yang memiliki potensi besar dalam pengembangan usaha ternak perah. Salah satu kecamatan di kabupaten Probolinggo yang memiliki populasi ternak sapi perah yaitu kecamatan Krucil. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dimensi sosial, ekonomi, infrastruktur dan teknologi serta hukum dan kelembagaan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif dan eksplanatori kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode survey. Hasil penelitian mengenai keberlangsungan usaha ternak sapi perah menunjukan hasil Pada dimensi sosial menunjukkan tingkat pendidikan dalam kategori rendah dan usia peternak dalam kategori lanjut. Akan tetapi dimensi lain yang menyangkut alokasi waktu untuk usaha ternak, akses dan pandangan masyarakat, peran dan pola hubungan masyarakat dalam kegiatan usaha sapi perah terkategori tinggi, hal ini dapat mendorong partisipasi dan terus berlansungnya usaha peternakan.Indikator dalam dimensi ekonomi rata – rata masuk dalam kategori sedang, artinya usaha ternak sapi perah belum optimal sehingga belum menciptakan sistem agribisnis yang mempunyai daya saing yang tinggi. Infrastruktur dan teknologi mempunyai peran penting dalam menunjang usaha ternak sapi perah. Hal ini di tunjukan pada hasil dimensi infrastruktur dan teknologi yang relatif sedang. Aspek hukum dan kelembagaan menunjukan nilai rata-rata sedang artinya fungsi hukum dan kelembagan belum maksimal. Akantetapi indikator keberadaan kelompok tani dan keterlibatan peternak memegang peran penting dalam menunjang kemajuan usaha

IDEOLOGI PANCASILA SEBAGAI DASAR MEMBANGUN NEGARA HUKUM DAN IMPLEMNTASI DI ERA REFORMASI INDONESIA

This study aims to analyze Pancasila ideology as the foundation for establishing the concept of a state based on law in Indonesia and its implementation in the reform era. Indonesia, as a constitutional state as stipulated in Article 1 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution, possesses characteristics that differ from the concepts of rechtsstaat and rule of law in Western countries. These differences are influenced by Indonesia’s historical, ideological, social, and cultural background. The Indonesian rule of law did not emerge from resistance against absolutism, but rather from the spirit of independence and the noble values embodied in Pancasila. This research employs a doctrinal legal research method with a statute approach, using primary legal materials such as Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution, as well as relevant secondary literature. The findings indicate that the Indonesian legal state is fundamentally a Pancasila-based rule of law, integrating the principles of supremacy of law, equality before the law, and protection of human rights with the values of divinity, humanity, unity, democracy, and social justice. The implementation of Pancasila in the reform era must be reflected in development paradigms in the fields of law, politics, education, ideology, and national resilience to achieve justice and public welfare

Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Terhadap Keterampilan Ibu PKK Dalam Melakukan SADARI

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women in Indonesia. One simple and self-administered method of early detection is Breast Self-Examination (SADARI). However, women’s skills in performing SADARI remain relatively low, including among PKK mothers, who play a strategic role in community health education. This low level of skill is caused by lack of information, minimal hands-on practice, and the absence of ongoing training. Health education is one intervention believed to improve these skills. This study aimed to determine the effect of health education on the skills of PKK mothers in performing SADARI in Rampal Celaket Subdistrict, Malang City. The research used a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. A total of 35 respondents were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using an observation checklist for SADARI skills covering 20 indicators. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results showed a significant improvement in skills after the health education intervention, with a p-value < 0.05. Before the intervention, most respondents were only able to perform around 6–7 out of 20 SADARI steps, whereas after the intervention, the majority were able to perform all 20 steps correctly and sequentially. It can be concluded that health education significantly improves the skills of PKK mothers in performing SADARI. Therefore, a structured and sustainable health education program should be considered as a promotive strategy to encourage early detection of breast cancer in the community

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY ON INSOMNIA IN COLLEGE STUDENTS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

Insomnia merupakan gangguan tidur yang sering dialami mahasiswa dan berdampak pada fungsi kognitif, regulasi emosi, serta performa akademik. Salah satu intervensi nonfarmakologis yang direkomendasikan untuk mengatasi insomnia adalah Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Cognitive Behavior Therapy terhadap insomnia pada mahasiswa melalui metode systematic literature review. Proses penelusuran literatur dilakukan pada beberapa basis data ilmiah seperti PubMed, Scopus, dan Google Scholar dengan rentang publikasi 10 tahun terakhir. Kriteria inklusi meliputi artikel penelitian empiris yang menggunakan desain eksperimen atau kuasi-eksperimen, subjek mahasiswa, serta mengukur tingkat insomnia sebelum dan sesudah intervensi CBT. Proses seleksi artikel mengikuti alur PRISMA, meliputi identifikasi, skrining, kelayakan, dan inklusi. Hasil telaah menunjukkan bahwa CBT, baik dalam format tatap muka maupun daring, secara signifikan menurunkan skor insomnia, meningkatkan kualitas tidur, serta mengurangi gejala kecemasan dan stres yang berkontribusi terhadap gangguan tidur pada mahasiswa. Komponen utama CBT seperti restrukturisasi kognitif, sleep hygiene, kontrol stimulus, dan teknik relaksasi terbukti efektif dalam memodifikasi pola pikir dan perilaku maladaptif terkait tidur. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa CBT merupakan intervensi yang efektif dan berbasis bukti dalam penanganan insomnia pada populasi mahasiswa. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan implementasi program CBT di lingkungan perguruan tinggi sebagai bagian dari layanan kesehatan mental preventif dan kuratif

DISPARITAS PUTUSAN HAKIM DALAM PERKARA KORUPSI: ANALISIS TERHADAP FAKTOR-FAKTOR NON-YURIDIS

Corruption is an extraordinary crime that damages the economic and social foundations of a nation. However, judicial practice often shows significant sentencing disparities in corruption cases with similar modus operandi and state losses. This study analyzes non-juridical factors causing judicial disparities in corruption cases in Indonesia using normative-juridical approach through court decision analysis and literature review. Results indicate that besides juridical factors, significant non-juridical factors include: judges' personal background and values, social and political pressure, public issues and media coverage, and organizational culture within judicial panels. Sentencing disparities reflect not only legal failures but also human factors and social contexts in decision-making processes. Systematic efforts are needed including continuous judicial training, integrity strengthening, better judicial transparency, and socialization of sentencing guidelines

PROBLEMATIKA HUKUM PENGGUNAAN TENAGA KERJA ASING DALAM UPAYA PERLINDUNGAN PEKERJA LOKAL

Presidential Regulation Number 20 of 2018 on the Employment of Foreign Workers was enacted to promote investment and national economic growth. However, its implementation has raised various legal issues, particularly concerning the protection of local workers. This study aims to analyze the conformity of Presidential Regulation Number 20 of 2018 with Law Number 13 of 2003 on Manpower and to examine its impact on employment opportunities and career development of local workers in Indonesia. This research employs normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that several provisions of Presidential Regulation Number 20 of 2018 potentially conflict with the Manpower Law and the principle of the hierarchy of laws and regulations, thereby creating unequal competition between foreign workers and local workers. Furthermore, the implementation of technology and skill transfer has not been carried out optimally. This study concludes that strengthening supervision and policies for the protection of local workers is necessary to ensure justice and legal certainty within the national manpower system

TREN PUBLIKASI ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH MELALUI MEDIA SOSIAL: TINJAUAN LITERATUR SISTEMATIS

Penelitian ini berfokus pada pemetaan perkembangan dan tren terkini dalam analisis sentimen berbasis machine learning (ML), khususnya dalam konteks evaluasi kebijakan pemerintah. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR), sebanyak 634 artikel ilmiah yang terindeks di Scopus dan Web of Science dalam periode 2021–2025 dianalisis untuk mengidentifikasi tren terkini dalam penggunaan machine learning untuk analisis sentimen, serta aplikasinya dalam evaluasi kebijakan pemerintah. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan alat pemetaan bibliometrik Vosviewer dan CiteSpace, yang memungkinkan identifikasi dan pemetaan klaster-topik yang dominan dalam bidang ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat sembilan klaster utama dalam kajian analisis sentimen, di antaranya deep learning models, transformer-based models (BERT, GPT), dan real-time sentiment analysis. Di antara klaster-klaster tersebut, deep learning models menjadi pendekatan yang paling dominan, menandakan peningkatan signifikan dalam akurasi dan efisiensi analisis sentimen, yang sangat relevan untuk evaluasi kebijakan pemerintah, terutama dalam menangkap respons publik secara real-time. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi penting dengan memperluas pemahaman tentang perkembangan teknologi dalam analisis sentimen serta aplikasinya yang semakin berkembang dalam konteks politik dan kebijakan publik. Namun, penelitian ini juga memiliki keterbatasan terkait dengan cakupan sumber data yang terbatas hanya pada dua database utama, yakni Scopus dan Web of Science, yang mungkin tidak mencakup keseluruhan literatur terkait. Oleh karena itu, penelitian selanjutnya disarankan untuk memperluas cakupan dengan memasukkan database lain seperti EBSCO dan IEEE Xplore guna mencapai pemahaman yang lebih komprehensif dan mendalam terkait tren perkembangan analisis sentimen dalam kajian kebijakan pemerintah

Is Love Addiction Always Detrimental? Evidence from Romantic Satisfaction in Early Adults

Romantic relationships play an important role in fulfilling emotional needs during early adulthood. One factor influencing relationship dynamics is love addiction, characterized by intense emotional attachment to a romantic partner. This study aimed to examine the relationship between love addiction and romantic satisfaction among individuals aged 18–30 years. A quantitative correlational design was employed. Participants were early adults currently involved in a romantic relationship. Data were collected using the Love Addiction Inventory (LAI) to assess levels of love addiction and the Couples Satisfaction Index (CSI-16) to measure romantic satisfaction. Statistical correlation analysis was conducted to test the relationship between variables. The results revealed a significant positive relationship between love addiction and romantic satisfaction, indicating that higher levels of love addiction were associated with greater satisfaction in romantic relationships. These findings suggest that, within the context of early adulthood, love addiction may be perceived as an intense form of emotional attachment that contributes positively to relationship satisfaction. This study provides empirical insight into romantic relationship dynamics and offers a foundation for future research on the adaptive and maladaptive aspects of love addiction

Kontruksi Makna Dalam Puisi Fii al-Hubb al-Bahri Karya Nizar Qabbani: Semiotika Roland Barthes

Penelitian ini menganalisis puisi Fī al-Ḥubb al-Baḥrī karya Nizar Qabbani dengan kerangka semiotika Roland Barthes (denotasi, konotasi, mitos). Puisi yang lahir di tengah masyarakat Arab patriarkal pertengahan abad ke-20 ini ditelaah menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif-analitis dengan sumber teks dari platform Al-Dīwān. Analisis berfokus pada tujuh tanda utama: laut, air, darah, pedang, tubuh perempuan, bahasa laut, dan feminitas. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pada level denotatif tanda-tanda merujuk pada makna leksikal konkret; pada level konotatif berkembang menjadi simbol dinamisme, pengorbanan, keberanian, dan kebebasan ekspresi; sedangkan pada level mitis seluruh tanda bersinergi menaturalisasi cinta sebagai kekuatan kosmis yang bebas, transformatif, dan melampaui norma sosial. Proses naturalisasi berlangsung melalui asosiasi dengan alam dan tubuh. Penelitian ini menawarkan model analisis semiotika tiga lapis yang komprehensif untuk puisi Arab kontemporer, sekaligus menyoroti ambivalensi ideologis dalam konstruksi kebebasan perempuan yang perlu kajian kritis lebih lanjut