School violence and school coexistence management: unresolved challenges

The study analyzes the key management actions for the prevention and reduction of school violence in educational centers belonging to the three types of administrative offices found in the Chilean school system. The methodology is quantitative with a descriptive cross-sectional design. The Questionnaire for School Environments of Non-violence (CENVI) was applied to a sample of 1410 students, 10-14 years of age. The results show a descriptive analysis that reveals the strengths and weaknesses of the management for the prevention of violence. Recommendations are given in the areas of training, peaceful co-existence and participation to promote a healthy learning environment in schools. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd

Curriculum Violence: Occidental knowledge hegemony in relation to indigenous knowledge

Indigenous education in Chile operates within a context of cultural diversity, underdevelopment and colonialism. This problem explains the tension found in 28 rural schools in the Araucania region of Chile between the knowledge systems of the Mapuche culture and those of Western culture. The study is qualitative-descriptive in design. Participants were teachers, parents and lonkos from Mapuche communities in which the schools are embedded. Semi-structured interviews were carried out and results show the western curricular content predominating over subordinating vernacular knowledge of Mapuche indigenous culture. It is recommended for cultural knowledge of all participants to be equally integrated and promoted. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd

Remove, rotate, and reimplant: a novel technique for the management of exposed porous anophthalmic implants in eviscerated patients

PURPOSE: To describe and to evaluate a new and relatively easy technique for porous implant exposure repair. METHODS: Eleven patients with exposed porous orbital implants after evisceration were included in this study. Five patients with large exposures (diameter>7 mm) and six patients with small exposures of orbital implants (diameter<7 mm) that persisted despite posterior vaulting of the prosthesis and usage of antibiotics and steroids for more than 6 weeks, underwent revision surgery with the remove-rotate-reimplant technique (3R technique). Negative microbiological culture taken from the exposed socket surface before surgery was the major inclusion criterion. Five patients with insufficient conjunctival tissue also underwent additional mucosa or hard palate grafting of the defect in addition to the remove-rotate-reimplant procedure. RESULTS: Patients have been followed up for more than 18 months (ranging from 18–30 months). None of them received motility peg insertion after repair. Implant reexposure was detected in one patient during the follow-up period, which was managed by dermis fat grafting with implant removal. CONCLUSION: The remove-rotate-reimplant technique is an effective surgical method for repairing exposed porous anophthalmic implants after evisceration with a 90% success in this study. It avoids the removal of the implant from the sclera, which is a traumatic procedure that may lead to the tearing and loss of scleral tissue covering the implant. Saving the porous implant and scleral cover reduces the surgical time and cost