Safeguarding pollinators and their values to human well-being

Wild and managed pollinators provide a wide range of benefits to society in terms of contributions to food security, farmer and beekeeper livelihoods, social and cultural values, as well as the maintenance of wider biodiversity and ecosystem stability. Pollinators face numerous threats, including changes in land-use and management intensity, climate change, pesticides and genetically modified crops, pollinator management and pathogens, and invasive alien species. There are well-documented declines in some wild and managed pollinators in several regions of the world. However, many effective policy and management responses can be implemented to safeguard pollinators and sustain pollination services

The emerging modern face of mood disorders: a didactic editorial with a detailed presentation of data and definitions

The present work represents a detailed description of our current understanding and knowledge of the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis and clinical manifestations of mood disorders, their comorbidity and overlap, and the effect of variables such as gender and age. This review article is largely based on the 'Mood disorders' chapter of the Wikibooks Textbook of Psychiatry http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Textbook_of_Psychiatry/Mood_Disorders

Examining Alternative Treatment Settings for Adolescents With Suicidal Thoughts During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective: Suicide is a leading cause of death for adolescents in the United States. Alternative settings to treat suicidal ideation (SI) are needed. Study primary objectives include evaluating the safety and effectiveness of telehealth crisis intervention services (CIS) and in-person outpatient crisis intervention clinics (OCIC) relative to the current standard of care of inpatient psychiatric hospitalization. A secondary aim seeks to assess changes in suicidal ideation, and patient and parent treatment satisfaction. Method: The study team, consisting of study staff at 4 sites, conducted an observational longitudinal study of patients (12-18 years of age) who were seen in the Emergency Department (ED) for suicidality and were referred to inpatient treatment, in-person OCIC, or telehealth CIS. Primary outcome data, including recurrent ED visits and hospitalizations because of SI, suicide attempts, and life satisfaction, were collected for 24 weeks. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and baseline suicidality severity scores. A total of 249 patients were enrolled. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in suicide attempts, time to first suicide attempt, ED visits, hospitalizations, and life satisfaction among the 3 treatment arms. There was no statistically significant difference in outcomes for treatment satisfaction among the treatment groups. Conclusion: In this observational study, in-person OCIC and telehealth CIS did not have significantly different outcomes from the current standard of care of inpatient psychiatric hospitalization. This broadens the scope of services that appear to be safe and effective for adolescents experiencing moderate suicidal thoughts. Future research using randomized controlled trials to clarify the causal effect of different interventions is warranted. Clinical trial registration information: Observational Study to Compare Outcomes of Different Psychiatric Treatment of Suicidal Adolescents (Pre-START); https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04625686. Plain language summary: The PreSTART study sought to explore treatment outcomes for adolescents experiencing suicidal thoughts. Inpatient treatment, outpatient crisis intervention centers, and telehealth crisis interventions were explored and compared to evaluate safety and effectiveness over a 24-week period. Results found no statistical difference in recurrent suicidal events or treatment satisfaction among the different treatments. Diversity Inclusion Statement: We worked to ensure that the study questionnaires were prepared in an inclusive way. The author list of this paper includes contributors from the location and/or community where the research was conducted who participated in the data collection, design, analysis, and/or interpretation of the work