Comparing Income Distributions Between Economies That Reward Innovation And Those That Reward Knowledge

In this paper, we develop an optimal control model of labor allocation in two types of economy - one economy is for innovative workers and the other one for knowledge workers. In both economies, workers allocate time between learning and discovering new knowledge. Both markets consist of a continuum of heterogeneous agents that are distinguished by their learning ability. Workers are rewarded for the knowledge they possess in the knowledge economy, and only for the new knowledge they create in the innovative economy. We show that, at steady state, while human capital accumulation is higher in the knowledge economy, the rate of knowledge creation is not necessarily higher in the innovative economy. Secondly, we prove that when the cost of learning is sufficiently high, the distribution of net wage income in the knowledge economy dominates that in the innovative economy in the first degree.

Why Libraries are Giving too Much Importance to Social Media? A Review Note

The prime purpose of the study is to investigate the concept of social media; the impact of social media, the importance of social media, and the issues of using social media in libraries. The present study was based on a qualitative research method. The relevant data has been accessed and retrieved from google.com and Google scholars. The data has been reviewed according to the set of research questions. The research findings revealed that there is a massive impact of social media on library sources and services. Social media are very important for libraries to promote their services and sources. On the other hand, the libraries are facing too many issues which are creating problems in the adoption of social media in the libraries. It is obvious that social media have great potential to reach library customers and it helps libraries to provide up to date and timing information to their customers. It would be better to resolve all the issues before launching social media in the libraries

Current Prospects and Practices of social media to market library sources and services: a case of selected university libraries of Pakistan

Purpose: the prime purpose of this research study is to investigate the application of social media in the marketing of library sources and Services in the university libraries of Pakistan. Research Design/Methodology/approach: Data were gathered using a survey method and a quantitative research methodology. The Pakistani university librarians were the source of the data, which was gathered both offline and online. With the aid of SPSS and other analysis software, 100 valid responses in all have been examined. Findings: the Research findings revealed that university librarians of Pakistan are well aware of the very application of social media in the marketing of library sources and services. The result shows that majority of the university libraries are using social media for the marketing of library sources and services. However, the librarians have identified that Facebook is a more suitable tool for the marketing of library sources and services. The research result has confirmed that university librarians are well aware of the needed skills and knowledge how to implement social networking sites to market the library sources and services. The results also described that university librarians use some of the tools/methods to analyze the marketing feasibility at the country level Practical Implications: This research helps library and information workers at the international and national levels understand how social networks might be used to provide library resources. Limitation: the present Research is purely consisted to the university librarian four provinces and twin cities of Pakistan. Originality/value: This research demonstrates the value of social networking sites platforms for the marketing of library resources and services and makes a contribution to the fields of library and information science and information management. Flexible marketing platform should be created by the university libraries using social networks sites in order to promote their resources and services. The higher authority should support this effort

Research Productivity Of Nigerian And Pakistani Authors In The Online Journal Of Library Philosophy And Practice From 2008 To 2013: A Bibliometric Study/Analysis

This research study aims to find out the research productivity of Nigerian authors and Pakistani authors to the library philosophy and practice from 2008 to 2013. The present research finds the 226 research articles have been contributed by Nigerian authors and 67 papers have been contributed by Pakistani authors. The highest number of papers has been written by Nigerian authors was 76 in 2010 and from Pakistan 18 papers were contributed in 2013. This present study identifies those 114 single authors from Nigeria and 18 from Pakistan. 116papersformNigerianauthor those range 6-10 pages while 18 from Pakistan. The total numbers of references were used by Nigerian authors those were 4140 while Pakistan was used 1506 references from 2008 to 2013. The most productive authors Rubina Bhatti from Pakistan who wrote 18 papers and Dike Agah from Nigeria has contributed only 5 papers. The most cited papers were retrieved from Nigerian author with 197 citations while 91 citations were received from Pakistan were top-cited research papers

Use of Social Media among Research Scholars for scholarly communication: Study of Research scholars of University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan

The aim of the study is to find the use of social media among research scholars. The survey method was used to collect data from the respondents. A quantitative research design was deployed to complete this study. A structured questionnaire was designed to collect the data from the chosen population using Google Docs online. The finding of the study shows most of the respondents were male with 76% and female were 24%. 37% of the respondents were having M.Phil. and MS and age range 30 to 40 from 36%. The disciplines were concern where 22% of them were from management sciences. The finding further revealed that most of the research scholars accessed WhatsApp frequently with 21% and it determines the positive impact of using social media with 66%. It is also found that the majority of the research scholars use social media “to participate in discussions” with (m: 1.3176) and the major factor of using social media by research scholars “ease in use with different tools “with (m: 1.3446). The research scholars are facing issues and challenges where “Wi-Fi issue” with (m: 1.3176). The higher authority should resolve these issues and make scholarly communication better for research scholars at future concer

Crack propagation in brittle solid containing 3D surface fracture under uniaxial compression

2003-2004 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe

Homogeneous catalysis under ultra-dilute conditions: TAML/NaClO oxidation of persistent metaldehyde

This document is the unedited Author’s version of a Submitted Work that was subsequently accepted for publication in Journal of the American Chemical Society, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b11145TAML activators enable homogenous oxidation catalysis where the catalyst and substrate (S) are ultra-dilute (pM–low μM) and the oxidant is very dilute (high nM–low mM). Water contamination by exceptionally persistent micropollutants (MPs), including metaldehyde (Met), provides an ideal space for determining the characteristics and utilitarian limits of this ultradilute catalysis. The low MP concentrations decrease throughout catalysis with S oxidation (kII) and catalyst inactivation (ki) competing for the active catalyst. The percentage of substrate converted (%Cvn) can be increased by discovering methods to increase kII/ki. Here we show that NaClO extends catalyst lifetime to increase the Met turnover number (TON) threefold compared with H2O2, highlighting the importance of oxidant choice as a design tool in TAML systems. Met oxidation studies (pH 7, D2O, 0.01 M phosphate, 25 °C) monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy show benign acetic acid as the only significant product. Analysis of TAML/NaClO treated Met solutions employing successive identical catalyst doses revealed that the processes can be modeled by the recently published relationship between the initial and final [S] (S0 and S∞, respectively), the initial [catalyst] (FeTot) and kII/ki. Consequently, this study establishes that S is proportional to S0 and that the %Cvn is conserved across all catalyst doses in multicatalyst-dose processes because the rate of the kII process depends on [S] while that of the ki process does not. A general tool for determining the FeTot required to effect a desired %Cvn is presented. Examination of the dependence of TON on kII/ki and FeTot at a fixed S0 indicates that for any TAML process employing FeTot < 1 10-6 M, small catalyst doses are not more efficient than one large dose.T.J.C thanks the Heinz Endowments for funding. NMR instrumentation at CMU was partially supported by NSF (CHE-0130903 and CHE-1039870)

Hepatic artery aneurysm repair: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Hepatic artery aneurysms remain a clinically significant entity. Their incidence continues to rise slowly and mortality from spontaneous rupture is high. Repair is recommended in those aneurysms greater than 2 cm in diameter. It is not surprising that vascular comorbidities, such as ischaemic heart disease, are common in surgical patients, particularly those with arterial aneurysms such as these. The decision of when to operate on patients who require urgent surgery despite having recently suffered an acute coronary syndrome remains somewhat of a grey and controversial area. We discuss the role of delayed surgery and postoperative followup of this vascular problem.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 58-year-old man was admitted with a 5.5 cm hepatic artery aneurysm. The aneurysm was asymptomatic and was an incidental finding as a result of an abdominal computed tomography scan to investigate an episode of haemoptysis (Figure <figr fid="F1">1</figr>). Three weeks prior to admission, the patient had suffered a large inferior myocardial infarction and was treated by thrombolysis and primary coronary angioplasty. Angiographic assessment revealed a large aneurysm of the common hepatic artery involving the origins of the hepatic, gastroduodenal, left and right gastric arteries and the splenic artery (Figures <figr fid="F2">2</figr> and <figr fid="F3">3</figr>). Endovascular treatment was not considered feasible and immediate surgery was too high-risk in the early post-infarction period. Therefore, surgery was delayed for 3 months when aneurysm repair with reconstruction of the hepatic artery was successfully performed. Graft patency was confirmed with the aid of an abdominal arterial duplex. Plasma levels of conventional liver function enzymes and of alpha-glutathione-<it>S</it>-transferase were within normal limits. This was used to assess the extent of any hepatocellular damage perioperatively. The patient made a good recovery and was well at his routine outpatient check-ups.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>There is no significant difference in cardiac risk in patients who have undergone vascular surgery within 6 months of a myocardial infarction compared with those who have had the operation in the 6 to12 month time frame. Use of alpha-glutathione-<it>S</it>-transferase gives an indication of the immediate state of hepatic function and should be used in addition to traditional liver function tests to monitor hepatic function postoperatively.</p

Water footprint of Jing-Jin-Ji urban agglomeration in China

A rapidly expanding economy and increasing water demand for agricultural and industrial production is placing enormous stress on water quantity and the aquatic environment in Northern China, especially the so-called Jing-Jin-Ji (Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei) urban agglomeration, home to over 110 million people producing 10% of China's overall GDP. Several studies have focused on energy consumption, air pollution, CO₂ emissions and regional blue water footprint (WF) following release of the Jing-Jin-Ji Integration Strategy by the China government in 2013. However, a comprehensive assessment distinguishing blue, green and grey WF amongst different industrial sectors, ascertaining how WF transfers internally and beyond the region and final demand consumption is not available. We consider this to be crucial in understanding and addressing the deteriorating water situation in the Jing-Jin-Ji. In this study, we quantified the WF and virtual water flow on a sectoral basis for the year 2010 through coupling the multi-regional input-output model (MRIO) with WF assessment. The results showed that Beijing and Tianjin are net importers of green, blue and grey water from Hebei and other China provinces to support their needs. Conversely, Hebei exports all WF colors to Beijing, Tianjin and other provinces in China, and more than 60% of WF is transferred as virtual water. For the overall Jing-Jin-Ji region a small amount of blue water (2086 million m³) is exported, but huge amounts of green water (15,573 million m³) and grey water (30,620 million m³) are outsourced. A “Virtual Water Strategy” is one measure which could alleviate water stress at the regional scale, with consideration of financial compensation from water receiving regions made to water supplying regions in the context of achieving water management targets. We also found that physical water transfer to Jing-Jin-Ji could not balance virtual blue water exports, not to mention compensating for internal water consumption. Our research suggests that a continuation of an export-based economic development model will worsen Hebei's water stress. Reducing the dependency of Hebei's sectoral economy on export of water intensive and low value added agricultural products may be one strategy to reduce the pressure on regional water resources. In addition, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Integration Strategy drives industrial transfer from Beijing to Hebei resulting in the transfer of enterprises with low water utilization efficiency and producing heavy pollution. As a result, the government should consider incentivizing corporations to adopt technologies that reduce water consumption and pollution