Improving the Energy Efficiency of Mobile Terminals Using Dynamic Multilevel Priority Packet Scheduling in Cooperative Communication

Cooperative communication is an efficient method for reducing the energy consumption of mobile terminal in wireless cellular network. However, it is hard to implement due to the lack of motivations for the Mobile terminals to cooperate. For this scenario as the benchmark case, where the information of the helping mobile terminals such as the channel and battery conditions is completely known by the source node terminal, the problem is formulated as a relay selection problem. Efficient algorithms based on dichotomous search and alternative optimizations are proposed to solve the problem for the cases of split and non-split data at the source MT, respectively. The cooperative communications scheme with pricing mechanism can decrease both the battery outages and communications for the mobile node, and can also increase the average battery level during the mobile terminals operation. In this paper, we state a Dynamic Multilevel Priority (DMP) packet scheduling scheme. In the proposed system, each node, except those which are at the last level of the virtual hierarchy in the zone based topology of Wireless sensor network , have three levels of priority queues. Real-time packets are placed in the highest-priority queue and can preempt data packets in other queues. Non-real-time packets are placed in other two queues based on a certain threshold of their estimated processing time. Leaf nodes will have two queues for real-time and non-real-time data packets since they do not receive data from other nodes and so this reduce end to- end delay. The performance of the proposed Dynamic multilevel priority packet scheduling scheme through simulations for real-time and non-real-time data packet. Simulation results shows that the DMP packet scheduling scheme outperforms conventional schemes interms of average data waiting time and end-to-end delay

Habitual Booking System for LPG with Leakage and Fire Sensing Sanctuary

The design of a wireless LPG leakage monitoring system is proposed for home safety. The aim of this paper is to monitor for LPG leakage to avoid fire accidents providing house safety feature where security has been an important issue and alerts the consumer about the leak by SMS and as an emergency measure the system will turn off the power supply, while activating the alarm. In this paper we proposed the additional advantage of the system is that it continuously monitors the level of the LPG present in the cylinder using load sensor and if the gas level reaches below the threshold limit of gas around 2kg so that the user can replace the old cylinder with new in time and automatically books the cylinder using a GSM module. The device ensures safety and prevents suffocation and explosion due to gas leakage. We have also included DC battery in the system to operate even when the power goes off due to the power cut

Impaired Structural Connectivity of Socio-Emotional Circuits in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study

Abnormal white matter development may disrupt integration within neural circuits, causing particular impairments in higher-order behaviours. In autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), white matter alterations may contribute to characteristic deficits in complex socio-emotional and communication domains. Here, we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and tract based spatial statistics (TBSS) to evaluate white matter microstructure in ASD.DTI scans were acquired for 19 children and adolescents with ASD (∼8-18 years; mean 12.4±3.1) and 16 age and IQ matched controls (∼8-18 years; mean 12.3±3.6) on a 3T MRI system. DTI values for fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity and axial diffusivity, were measured. Age by group interactions for global and voxel-wise white matter indices were examined. Voxel-wise analyses comparing ASD with controls in: (i) the full cohort (ii), children only (≤12 yrs.), and (iii) adolescents only (>12 yrs.) were performed, followed by tract-specific comparisons. Significant age-by-group interactions on global DTI indices were found for all three diffusivity measures, but not for fractional anisotropy. Voxel-wise analyses revealed prominent diffusion measure differences in ASD children but not adolescents, when compared to healthy controls. Widespread increases in mean and radial diffusivity in ASD children were prominent in frontal white matter voxels. Follow-up tract-specific analyses highlighted disruption to pathways integrating frontal, temporal, and occipital structures involved in socio-emotional processing.Our findings highlight disruption of neural circuitry in ASD, particularly in those white matter tracts that integrate the complex socio-emotional processing that is impaired in this disorder

INTER-LINKAGES BETWEEN INDIAN AND MAJOR EQUITY MARKETS - IMPACT OF GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS

This paper examined the short and long run correlating, causal and co-integrating relationship between Indian and other major developed [Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, United Kingdom (UK) and United States of America (USA)] and developing [Argentina, Brazil, China, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa (SA)] markets for the period from April 2003 to December 2014 which was further subdivided in two sub periods: a Pre-crisis period (April 2003 to August 2007) and a Post-crisis period (August 2007 to December 2014). We applied correlation analysis, short and long run granger causality and Johansen Co-integration techniques on the monthly adjusted closing indices values of representative market indices. Overall, results show that India had high correlating, causal and co-integrating relationship with Brazil, China, Russia and South Africa from the developing block and with Australia and Canada amongst the developed economies. This could be due to large bi-lateral trade and/or close political and cultural ties between these countries like the official BRICS group. Also, while the correlations significantly reduce post crisis, causal and co-integrating relationships increase post crisis. So, the nature of relationship between these markets has shifted from being contemporaneous to more of lead-lag nature. Thus, we find evidence for increase in contagion post crisis. This has important implications for all stakeholders. Policy makers and stock market regulators need to be vigilant and take steps to insulate domestic markets as crisis is evidenced to greatly accentuate contagion. Investors can work out possible arbitrage opportunities as we find evidence of several lead-lag relationships among these markets. International investors can breathe easy regarding their international portfolio diversification as we find support for declining correlations among these markets

The Importance of E-Learning in Present Day Education

ABSTRACT- The potentials of e-learning are likely to be explored for many years to come in view of some of its obvious logistical benefits for learners and apparent financial incentives for institutions. One would hope that such exploration of teaching practice would have a parallel research program to investigate the nature and effects of dialogue and communities of enquiry in e-learning in higher education. The common sense approach to this issue is to compare outcomes of e-learning with those of classroom learning, but this approach has proven to be too simplistic to satisfy those attempting to understand the characteristics and potential of e-learning

Social Stigma associated with COVID 19 and measures to address the stigma

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.In this scenario of COVID-19 pandemic and the associated crisis, a lot of social stigma is being created and these are influencing people to develop discrimination and stereotype towards a particular community or minority group. Social stigma is a negative association with a community or group who characterizes a particular quality and specific disease. This prevailing stigma is encouraging people to hide their disease and not to take proper public health protective measures. Currently people of Asian accent, health care professionals and people who travelled abroad experience this stigma. Social stigma arose during the similar disease outbreaks like SARS and Ebola. The crisis measures such as quarantine and lockdown are affecting people’s mental health. Anxiety, fear and scare are being developed among various communities and socio-economic groups. The impacts of quarantine can be long lasting and disastrous for a person’s mental health. People may develop acute stress disorder, anxiety, insomnia, depression, and other mental health disorders post-quarantine. Measures must be taken to address this stigma for managing public health. Sharing authentic information, cross-checking information, not sharing patients details, not attaching the particular disease with any place or ethnic group, spreading more positive narratives of recovered cases, sharing information highlighting there is no particular region or religion for the virus, showing support towards those who travelled and are under quarantine, stop sharing information which create panic and fear among the society, etc can help to address the stigma