Higher Order Approximation for Stimulated Raman Scattering Including Walk-off Effect

The performance of an optical system is reduced by nonlinear effects. It is known that when optical power is very high then non linear effects tend to manifest themselves, so the study became important in DWDM system. The fiber nonlinearities fall into two categories. One is stimulated scattering (Raman and Brillouin), and the second is known as optical Kerr effect. With these effects the results are changed in the refractive index of fiber with optical power. With different input signals kerr-non-linearity manifests itself in three different effects such as Self-Phase Modulation (SPM), Cross-Phase Modulation (CPM) and Four-Wave Mixing (FWM). At high power level, the inelastic scattering phenomenon can induce stimulated effects such as Stimulated Brillouin-Scattering (SBS) and Stimulated Raman-Scattering (SRS). The Brillouin and Raman scattering can be differentiated as the Brillouin generated phonons (acoustic) are coherent and give rise to a macroscopic acoustic wave in fiber, while in Raman scattering the phonons (optical) are incoherent and no macroscopic wave is generated, So SRS is much less problem than SBS. The threshold of SRS is nearly to 1 Watt, more than thousand times higher than SBS. But the real systems are being expanded with EDFAs having output optical powers of 500 mW (+27 dBm), and this will only go higher. A fiber optic link that includes three such optical amplifiers will reach this limit since the limit drops proportionally by the number of optical amplifiers in series

An Analysis of Economic Growth and Its Dynamics in Nepal

This study has aimed to analyze the economic growth and its dynamics in the contribution of three major sector such as agricultural, industrial and service sector of Nepal. Mainly, the GDP growth rate is deepening on the various sectors but this study analyzed relationship between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and three main sectors. The Multiple Regression Analysis and Pearson’s Correlation Coefficients statistical tool is used for secondary data available from the Central Bureau of Statistics of Nepal. This study covers time frame for the period of 2001/02 - 2015/16. And the study found that economic growth has positive relation with service sector and agriculture sector. But Industry sector has a negligible contribution to economic growth of Nepal. In this empirical analysis, economic growth parameters; GDP of Nepalese economy is taken in order to oversee into the relationship between sectoral growth rate and economic growth. The major economic contributors have high potentiality of inclusive, broad based and sustainable development of long term economic growth of Nepal. This study suggests all the stakeholders to bust up the national economy empowering the key economic parameters

Centric Model Assessment for Collaborative Data Mining

Data mining is the task of discovering interesting patterns from large amounts of data. There are many data mining tasks, such as classification, clustering, association rule mining and sequential pattern mining. Sequential pattern mining finds sets of data items that occur together frequently in some sequences. Collaborative data mining refers to a data mining setting where different groups are geographically dispersed but work together on the same problem in a collaborative way. Such a setting requires adequate software support. Group work is widespread in education. The goal is to enable the groups and their facilitators to see relevant as pects of the groups operation and provide feedbacks if these are more likely to be associated with positive or negative outcomes and where the problems are. We explore how useful mirror information can be extracted via a theory-driven approach and a range of clustering and sequential pattern mining. In this paper we describe an experiment with a simple implementation of such a collaborative data mining environment. The experiment brings to light several problems, one of which is related to model assessment. We discuss several possible solutions. This discussion can contribute to a better understanding of how collaborative data mining is best organized

Review Paper: Real Time Based Data Acquisition System

The aim of this thesis is to implement and design a data acquisition system (DAQ) by using MATLAB. Early persons look at a scientific instrument and writes down observations. This became unchanged until the paper-based chart recorder became available. The digital computer acquired data, stored automatically and also analyses and reports it.DAQ is a group of interconnected hardware or electronic instruments to the measurement of analogue and digital signals. This paper introduces DAQ (Data Acquisition) process based on MATLAB of bringing a real-world signal we are trying to measure or capture the data from LED panels, digital read out type instruments, deflection needle type instruments and other physically observed like number of objects persons, observable weather conditions, entering a room or lighting conditions, into computer, for processing, storage or analysis. Generally for processing purpose, transmission and display analogue data is first collected and then transformed into the digital form

AUTOMATIC BRAKE FAILURE INDICATOR

Today, Machines are widely controlled by automated control system. To meet the need of growing population economic, effective and reliable control of machines as well as their control system is necessary. The main objective of this project is to continuously monitor the braking system at each and every time during the operation of the vehicle. Now a days, accidents are occurring due to lot of reasons, the one of the main reason is brake failure, it caused to due to poor maintenance, improper use and product defect, in order to safe guard the valuable human for accident the accident monitoring of brake is very important issue in automobile. The brake failure indicator circuit is a circuit that monitors constantly of the condition of brakes and provides an audio visual indication. When the brake is applied in order to slow down or to stop the vehicle the green LED blinks and the piezo buzzer beeps for about one second if the brake system is accurate and working properly. If brake system fails the red LED glows and the buzzer do not beep when the brakes are applied

Machine Learning Techniques and Testing

In this paper, we have discussed about various algorithms of the machine learning. These algorithms are used in various processes like image automated medical diagnostics, online advertising, robot incomotion etc.   

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF GEL CONTAING AMLEXANOX FOR MOUTH ULCER

Abstract: Objective: To formulate and evaluate mouth gel of amlexanox using an admixture of gelling agent i.e. carbopol p940 and penetration enhancer i.e. propylene glycol. Experimental work: Gel containing amlexanox was prepared by taking carbopol p934 and propylene glycol as penetration enhancer in different ratio. The concentrations of carbopol p934 and propylene glycol were optimized using 3 2 full factorial designs. The parameters determined were pH, drug content, viscosity, spradability, extrudability, in vitro drug release. Results: The pH values of gels were between 6.0 to 7.0. Drug content values were between 89% to 98%. Drug release was dependent on the concentration of carbopol and concentration of propylene glycol. The in vitro drug release time was 3 hr. Drug release from the gels increased with increase in the concentration of propylene glycol up to 10%. However, drug release decreased with further increase in the concentration of the propylene glycol to 20%. Conclusion: Formulation F6 with concentration of carbopol (1%) and concentration of propylene glycol (7%) showing maximum drug release upto 3 hr. was selected as the optimized formulatio

Intelligent Mobile Edge Computing Integrated with Blockchain Security Analysis for Millimetre-Wave Communication

 With the increase in number of devices enabled the Internet of Things (IoT) communication with the centralized cloud computing model. With the implementation of the cloud computing model leads to increased Quality of Service (QoS). The cloud computing model provides the edge computing technologies for the real-time application to achieve reliability and security. Edge computing is considered the extension of the cloud computing technology involved in transfer of the sensitive information in the cloud edge to increase the network security. The real-time data transmission realizes the interaction with the high frequency to derive improved network security. However, with edge computing server security is considered as sensitive privacy information maintenance. The information generated from the IoT devices are separated based on stored edge servers based on the service location. Edge computing data is separated based in edge servers for the guaranteed data integrity for the data loss and storage. Blockchain technologies are subjected to different security problem for the data integrity through integrated blockchain technologies. This paper developed a Voted Blockchain Elliptical Curve Cryptography (VBECC) model for the millimetre wave application. The examination of the blockchain model is evaluated based on the edge computing architecture. The VBECC model develop an architectural model based Blockchain technology with the voting scheme for the millimetre application. The estimated voting scheme computes the edge computing technologies for the estimation of features through ECC model. The VBECC model computes the security model for the data transmission in the edge computing-based millimetre application. The experimental analysis stated that VBECC model uses the data security model ~8% increased performance than the conventional technique

Rapid and efficient cancer cell killing mediated by high-affinity death receptor homotrimerizing TRAIL variants

The tumour necrosis factor family member TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) selectively induces apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells through the activation of death receptors 4 (DR4) and 5 (DR5) and is considered a promising anticancer therapeutic agent. As apoptosis seems to occur primarily via only one of the two death receptors in many cancer cells, the introduction of DR selectivity is thought to create more potent TRAIL agonists with superior therapeutic properties. By use of a computer-aided structure-based design followed by rational combination of mutations, we obtained variants that signal exclusively via DR4. Besides an enhanced selectivity, these TRAIL-DR4 agonists show superior affinity to DR4, and a high apoptosis-inducing activity against several TRAIL-sensitive and -resistant cancer cell lines in vitro. Intriguingly, combined treatment of the DR4-selective variant and a DR5-selective TRAIL variant in cancer cell lines signalling by both death receptors leads to a significant increase in activity when compared with wild-type rhTRAIL or each single rhTRAIL variant. Our results suggest that TRAIL induced apoptosis via high-affinity and rapid-selective homotrimerization of each DR represent an important step towards an efficient cancer treatment