Olhar sistêmico sobre as dificuldades de aprendizagem: Projeto Rondon como espaço de transformação

Trabalho apresentado no II Congresso Nacional do PROJETO RONDON, realizado em Florianópolis, SC, no período de 23 a 25 de setembro de 2015 - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.INTRODUÇÃO: A dificuldade de aprendizagem pode ser compreendida como um fenômeno de natureza complexa em que a criança não corresponde às expectativas sobre ela. A criança pode estar a representar uma condição de vulnerabilidade psicossocial, propiciando sentimentos de baixa autoestima e inferioridade. Essas dificuldades, na aprendizagem escolar, frequentemente são acompanhadas de déficits em habilidades sociais e problemas emocionais ou de comportamento, sob a óptica de uma visão sistêmica do sujeito. Pensar e agir numa perspectiva sistêmica é manter um diálogo criativo entre o todo e as partes, considerando a produção do conhecimento como algo dinâmico e que se refaz tanto nas relações internas do próprio sujeito quanto nas suas relações sociais. Nesse cenário em construção, o Projeto Rondon viabiliza espaços para que possam ser desenvolvidas ações alternativas que contribuam para o desenvolvimento sustentável da comunidade, ampliando o bem-estar da população, favorecendo a formação do universitário como cidadão. OBJETIVO: Realizar uma oficina com a finalidade de explorar recursos educacionais com os professores, de forma a abarcar um contexto sob uma visão sistêmica e, assim, poder ressignificar as dificuldades que surgem no ambiente escolar. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: A oficina utilizará recursos audiovisuais para a contextualização das dificuldades de aprendizagem, estimulando os professores a trazerem os desafios encontrados em sala de aula. Para a finalização, será proposta uma roda de conversa, na qual serão apresentados recursos lúdicos para implementar as ações pedagógicas já realizadas. RESULTADOS ESPERADOS: Espera-se ampliar a compreensão dos professores sobre as dificuldades de aprendizagem, abrindo espaços para discussões e orientações colaborativas, compreendendo a necessidade de cada criança e o sistema no qual está inserida, resgatando recursos facilitadores para o seu desenvolvimento saudável e seus entornos. CONCLUSÃO: O olhar ampliado para a questão da dificuldade de aprendizagem possibilita que se formem novas construções, que redefinem os lugares da família, escola, comunidade, meio social, fortalecendo uma verdadeira rede relacional, permitindo a construção de narrativas mais includentes criadas em torno das competências e da resiliência da criança, família, escola e sociedade. Desse modo, é possível compreender uma dificuldade escolar como uma sugestão de mudança nas interrelações. Assim, a criação de novos significados para este desafio é o que justifica um trabalho orientado pelo pensamento sistêmico

A geographical population analysis of dental trauma in school-children aged 12 and 15 in the city of Curitiba-Brazil

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The study presents a geographical analysis of dental trauma in a population of 12 and 15 year-old school-children, in the city of Curitiba, Brazil (n = 1581), using a database obtained in the period 2005-2006. The main focus is to analyze dental trauma using a geographic information system as a tool for integrating social, environmental and epidemiological data.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Geostatistical analysis of the database and thematic maps were generated showing the distribution of dental trauma cases according to Curitiba's Health Districts and other variables of interest. Dental trauma spatial variation was assessed using a generalized additive model in order to identify and control the individual risk-factors and thus determine whether spatial variation is constant or not throughout the Health Districts and the place of residence of individuals. In addition, an analysis was made of the coverage of dental trauma cases taking the spatial distribution of Curitiba's primary healthcare centres.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The overall prevalence of dental trauma was 37.1%, with 53.1% in males and 46.7% in females. The spatial analysis confirms the hypothesis that there is significant variation in the occurrence of dental trauma, considering the place of residence in the population studied (Monte Carlo test, p = 0,006). Furthermore, 28.7% of cases had no coverage by the primary healthcare centres.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The effect of the place of residence was highly significant in relation to the response variable. The delimitation of areas, as a basis for case density, enables the qualification of geographical territories where actions can be planned based on priority criteria. Promotion, control and rehabilitation actions, applied in regions of higher prevalence of dental trauma, can be more effective and efficient, thus providing healthcare refinement.</p

Inequalities in public water supply fluoridation in Brazil: An ecological study

Background. The literature is scarce on the social and geographic inequalities in the access to and implementation of the fluoridation of public water supplies. This study adds knowledge to the Brazilian experience of the chronic privation of water and wastewater policies, access to potable water and fluoridation in the country. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify possible inequalities in the population's access to fluoridated drinking water in 246 Brazilian municipalities. Methods. The information on the process of water fluoridation in the municipalities and in the macro region in which each municipality is located was obtained from the national epidemiological survey which was concluded in 2003. The data relating to the human development index at municipal level (HDI-M) and access to mains water came from the Brazilian Human Development Atlas, whilst the size of the population was obtained from a governmental source. The Fisher exact test (P < 0.05) was employed to identify significant associations between the explanatory variables and their ability to predict the principal outcomes of interest to this study, namely the presence or absence of the water fluoridation process in the municipalities as well as the length of time during which this measure has been implemented. Linear regression was used to observe the associations between the relevant variables in a multivariate environment. Results. The results clearly showed that there is a relationship between municipalities with larger populations, located in more socio-economically advantaged regions and with better HDI-M, and where fluoridation is both present and has been implemented for a longer period of time (started before 1990). Conclusion. 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(2006) Sozial und Präventiv Medizin, 51 (5), pp. 1-9Peres, K.G., Bastos, J.R., Mrdo, L., Relationship between severity of dental caries and social and behavioral factors in children (2000) Rev Saude Publica, 34 (4), pp. 402-8. , 10973161Maltz, M., Barbachan Silva, E.B., Relationship between caries, gingivitis and fluorosis and the socioeconomic status among school children (2001) Rev Saude Publica, 35 (2), pp. 170-6. , 11359204Moysés, S.J., Desigualdades em Sade Bucal e Desenvolvimento Humano: Um ensaio em preto, branco e alguns tons de cinza (2001) Rev Bras Odontol Sade Coletiva, 1 (1), pp. 7-17Patussi, M.P., Marcenes, W., Croucher, R., Sheiham, A., Social deprivation, income inequality, social cohesion and dental caries in Brazilian school children (2001) Soc Sci Med, 53 (7), pp. 915-25. , 10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00391-9 11522137Antunes, J.L.F., Frazão, P., Narvai, P.C., Bispo, C.M., Pegoretti, T., Spatial analysis to identify differentials in dental needs by area-based measures (2002) Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 30 (2), pp. 133-42. , 10.1034/j.1600-0528.2002.300207.x 12000354Peres, M.A., Peres, K.G., Antunes, J.L.F., Junqueira, S.R., Frazão, P., Narvai, P.C., The association between socioeconomic development at the town level and the distribution of dental caries in Brazilian children (2003) Rev Panam Salud Publica, 14 (3), pp. 149-57. , 10.1590/S1020-49892003000800001 14653902Antunes, J.L.F., Narvai, P.C., Nugent, Z.J., Measuring inequalities in the distribution of dental caries (2004) Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 32 (1), pp. 41-8. , 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2004.00125.x 14961839Antunes, J.L.F., Peres, M.A., De Campos Mello, T.R., Waldman, E.A., Multilevel assessment of determinants of dental caries experience in Brazil (2006) Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 34 (2), pp. 146-152. , 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2006.00274.x 16515679Narvai, P.C., Frazão, P., Roncalli, A.G., Antunes, J.L.F., Dental caries in Brazil: Decline, polarization, inequality and social exclusion (2006) Rev Panam Salud Publica, 19 (6), pp. 385-93. , 10.1590/S1020-49892006000600004 16968593Projeto, S.B., Brasil, Condiçes de sade bucal da população brasileira 2002-2003. 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Human Papillomavirus Genotype Distribution among Cervical Cancer Patients prior to Brazilian National HPV Immunization Program

To evaluate the impact of HPV immunization and possible changes in virus type-specific prevalence associated with cervical cancer, it is important to obtain baseline information based on socioeconomic, educational, and environmental characteristics in human populations. We describe these characteristics and the type-specific HPV distribution in 1,183 women diagnosed with cervical cancer in two Brazilian healthcare institutions located at the Southeastern (Rio de Janeiro/RJ) and the Amazonian (Belém/PA) regions. Large differences were observed between women in these regions regarding economic, educational, and reproductive characteristics. The eight most frequent HPV types found in tumor samples were the following: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 52, and 58. Some HPV types classified as unknown or low risk were found in tumor samples with single infections, HPV 83 in RJ and HPV 11, 61, and 69 in PA. The proportion of squamous cervical cancer was lower in RJ than in PA (76.3% versus 87.3%, 푝 &lt; 0.001). Adenocarcinoma was more frequent in RJ than in PA (13.5% versus 6.9%, 푝 &lt; 0.001). The frequency of HPV 16 in PA was higher in younger women (푝 &lt; 0.05). The success of a cervical cancer control program should consider HPV types, local health system organization, and sociodemographic diversity of Brazilian regions

Human Papillomavirus Genotype Distribution among Cervical Cancer Patients prior to Brazilian National HPV Immunization Program

To evaluate the impact of HPV immunization and possible changes in virus type-specific prevalence associated with cervical cancer, it is important to obtain baseline information based on socioeconomic, educational, and environmental characteristics in human populations. We describe these characteristics and the type-specific HPV distribution in 1,183 women diagnosed with cervical cancer in two Brazilian healthcare institutions located at the Southeastern (Rio de Janeiro/RJ) and the Amazonian (Belém/PA) regions. Large differences were observed between women in these regions regarding economic, educational, and reproductive characteristics. The eight most frequent HPV types found in tumor samples were the following: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 52, and 58. Some HPV types classified as unknown or low risk were found in tumor samples with single infections, HPV 83 in RJ and HPV 11, 61, and 69 in PA. The proportion of squamous cervical cancer was lower in RJ than in PA (76.3% versus 87.3%, p<0.001). Adenocarcinoma was more frequent in RJ than in PA (13.5% versus 6.9%, p<0.001). The frequency of HPV 16 in PA was higher in younger women (p<0.05). The success of a cervical cancer control program should consider HPV types, local health system organization, and sociodemographic diversity of Brazilian regions