Factors of Susceptibility of Human Myiasis Caused by the New World Screw-Worm, Cochliomyia hominivorax in São Gonçalo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

This study was carried out between July 2007 and June 2008 and reports on the occurrence of human myiasis caused by the New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in São Gonçalo in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Liquid or solid vaseline was used to suffocate the larvae, which were then preserved in 70% ethanol and sent to the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz for identification. C. hominivorax were identified in all 22 cases of myiasis. There were 12 male and 10 female patients with ages ranging from 03 to 71. Ethnically the highest incidence was among black people, with 17 cases. Open wounds were the main cause of the parasitosis, whereas poor personal hygiene, the low educational level, alcoholism, bedridden patients, and physical or mental disability were possibly secondary factors; in addition to all these factors the income of the patients was very low

Population Genetics and Gene Variation in Screwworms (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from Brazil

Allozyme variation in New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), populations from Brazil was examined. Variability was observed in 8 of 13 enzyme loci and the frequency of the most common allele was \u3c0.95 for seven loci. Observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.159 and 0.165, respectively. Comparisons of the Brazilian populations with previously studied populations from Costa Rica resulted in Nei\u27s genetic distances of between 0.000 and 0. 006, with the greatest distance being between populations within Brazil. Comparisons with Mexican populations using only three loci resulted in genetic distances ≤0.031. Goodness-of-fit statistics for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and Wright\u27s F statistics indicated small deviations from expected equilibrium genotype frequencies and low levels of differentiation between populations within Brazil. Differentiation among screwworm populations from Brazil, Costa Rica, and Mexico was minimal

Uso de Manta de Poliéster como Substrato Novo para Criação de Larvas de Cochliomyia hominivorax Coquerel (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-10-10T13:25:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PatriciaAzambuja_etal_IOC_2008.pdf: 159880 bytes, checksum: 10a677eff3b3cd43ea4c39d6e5d9aa4c (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-10-10T13:37:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PatriciaAzambuja_etal_IOC_2008.pdf: 159880 bytes, checksum: 10a677eff3b3cd43ea4c39d6e5d9aa4c (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-10T13:37:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PatriciaAzambuja_etal_IOC_2008.pdf: 159880 bytes, checksum: 10a677eff3b3cd43ea4c39d6e5d9aa4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde. Departamento de Microbiologia. Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Faculdade de Veterinária. Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias. Seropédica, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.A utilização de manta de poliéster como substrato para a criação de larvas de Cochliomyia hominivorax Coquerel em dieta líquida foi comparada com dieta à base de carne moída. Não foram verificadas diferenças na média dos pesos de larvas de terceiro estágio e pupas, número de pupas formadas, emergência e eficiência de criação. Os resultados foram obtidos por quatro gerações consecutivas, não demonstrando interferência em nenhum parâmetro biológico avaliado. Propõe-se que manta de poliéster pode ser utilizada como suporte para a criação laboratorial de C. hominivorax em dieta líquida, reduzindo os custos de criação, uma vez que pode ser reutilizada.Polyester pad was utilized as solid support for rearing Cochliomyia hominivorax Coquerel larvae in liquid diet and compared with the ground meat diet. There were no signifi cant differences in the mean third instar larvae and pupal weights, number of pupae, emergence and rearing efficiency. The tests were conducted through four consecutive generations, presenting no detectable effect in any of the life history parameters. We propose that the polyester pad can be used as solid support for rearing C. hominivorax larvae in liquid diets and can be reutilized reducing the costs of mass rearing

Register of Aphaereta laeviuscula (Spinola) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) as parasitoids of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2020-01-30T11:43:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Raimundo_Carvalho_etal_IOC_2006.pdf: 148654 bytes, checksum: 09381ba405f7d38cbf615ec855a073b0 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2020-01-30T11:51:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Raimundo_Carvalho_etal_IOC_2006.pdf: 148654 bytes, checksum: 09381ba405f7d38cbf615ec855a073b0 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-30T11:51:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Raimundo_Carvalho_etal_IOC_2006.pdf: 148654 bytes, checksum: 09381ba405f7d38cbf615ec855a073b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006Universidade Iguaçu. Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brasil / Universidade Estácio de Sá. Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brasil / Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Program de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal. Seropédica, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Iguaçu. Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Ixodides. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Program de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal. Seropédica, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Program de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal. Seropédica, RJ, Brasil.As capturas ocorreram entre janeiro e dezembro de 2004 em área urbana de Nova Iguaçu; área rural de Seropédica e em área florestal na Reserva Biológica do Tinguá, Nova Iguaçu, RJ. Foram usadas 1.528 larvas de C. hominivorax como iscas, 505 na área urbana, 556 na rural e 467 na florestal. Foram calculados os índices de Sinantropia, Coeficiente de Constância, o risco (Odds Ratio) de parasitismo entre as áreas, prevalência e intensidade parasitária. O percentual de emergência foi de 46,6%. A espécie A. laeviuscula foi capturada apenas em ambiente rural, seus índices foram: sinantropia = +50, c. constância = 25%, prevalência = 0,72% e intensidade parasitária = 44,5. N. vitripennis foi capturada nas áreas rural e urbana e os índices foram: sinantropia = +98, constância = 58,3%, Odds Ratio = IC95% = 0,025 0,27, P < 0,05, prevalência = 3,2% e intensidade parasitária = 7,35. O risco de parasitismo por N. vitripennis em áreas urbanas é alto. Registra-se a ocorrência de A. laeviuscula como parasito de C. hominivorax no estado do Rio de Janeiro.The captures occurred between January and December of 2004 in urban area in the city of Nova Iguaçu, the rural area of the city of Seropédica and in a forest area in the Biological Reserve of the Tinguá, Nova Iguaçu State of Rio de Janeiro. The total of 1,528 larvae of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) were used as bait, 505 in the urban area, 556 in rural and the 467 in the forest one. The indices of Synantropic, Coefficient of Constancy, the risk (Odds Ratio) of parasitism between the areas was calculated, prevalence and parasitic intensity. The percentage of emergence was of 46.6%. Aphaereta laeviuscula (Spinola) was captured only in rural environment; its indices were: Synantropic I. = +50, c. constancy = 25%, prevalence = 0.72% and I. parasitic = 44.5; already Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) was captured in the areas rural and urban and the indices had been: synanthropy = +98, constancy = 58.3%, Odds Ratio = IC95% = 0,025 0.27, P < 0,05, prevalence = 3.2% and parasitic intensity = 7.35. The risk of parasitism for N. vitripennis in urban areas is high. The occurrence of A. laeviuscula as parasitic of C. hominivorax is registered in the State of Rio de Janeiro

GENOTYPE CHARACTERIZATION OF THE Haematobia irritans (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) FROM BRAZIL, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC AND COLOMBIA BASED ON RANDOMLY AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD) ANALYSIS

Blood-sucking flies are important parasites in animal production systems, especially regarding confinement conditions. Haematobia irritans, the horn fly, is one of the most troublesome species within bovine production systems, due to the intense stress imposed to the animals. H. irritans is one of the parasites of cattle that cause significant economic losses in many parts of the world, including South America. In the present work, Brazilian, Colombian and Dominican Republic populations of this species were studied by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA(RAPD) to assess basically genetic variability between populations. Fifteen different decamer random primers were employed in the genomic DNA amplification, yielding 196 fragments in the three H. irritans populations. Among h. irritans samples, that from Colombia produced the smallest numbers of polymorphic hands. This high genetic homogeneity may be ascribed to its geographic origin, which causes high isolation, low gene flow, unlike the other American populations, from Brazil and Dominican Republic. Molecular marker fragments, which its produced exclusive bands, detected in every sample enabled the population origin to be characterized, but they are also potentially useful for further approaches such as the putative origin of Brazilian, Colombian and Dominican Republic populations of horn fly from South America. Similarity indices produced by chemo metric analysis showed the closest relationships between flies from Brazil and Dominican Republic, while flies from Colombia showed the greatest genotypic differentiation relative to the others populations.CAPESCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Erradicação ou manejo integrado das miíases neotropicais das Américas? Eradication or integrated managment of neotropical myiases of the Americas?

A erradicação da bicheira, Cochliomyia hominivorax dos EUA, da América Central e do Norte da África tornou-se uma realidade criando e liberando machos estéreis. Por que nos não decidimos também erradicar este inseto da América do Sul? Antes de tomar uma atitude corajosa, nós discutiremos neste trabalho as razões científicas, ecológicas e econômicas. O berne, Dermatobia hominis não tem sido erradicado de nenhum pais, devido a que não dispomos de técnicas para sua criação massal em dietas artificiais. Estão faltando também estudos sobre a dispersão, comportamento sexual e sítios de agregação dos adultos no campo. Devido a que as miíases continuarão sendo controladas basicamente com inseticidas, recomendações para manejar a resistência aos inseticidas e estudos sobre métodos alternativos são discutidos visando um Manejo Integrado do berne e da bicheira com fundamentos ecológicos.<br>The eradication of the screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax, from USA, Central America and the North of Africa has been achieved by rearing and releasing sterile males. Why we do not decide to eradicate this insect from the southamerican countries too? In this paper the scientific, ecological and economic reasons before taking such a courageous decision are discussed. The human botfly, Dermatobia hominis, has not been eradicated from any country, because there is so far no technique available for mass production in artificial diets. Studies on dispersion, sexual behavior and aggregation sites of the adults in the field are also not known. Why the neotropical myiases will continue to be treated basically with chemicals, recommendations for insecticide resistance management and studies on alternative methods are discussed trying to apply in the future an ecologically based pest management of the screwworm and the human botfly