An automatic methodology for estimating eddy diffusivities from experimental data

A technique for estimating eddy diffusivities in a turbulent atmospheric layer is presented; the scheme adopted is based on an inverse-problem methodology. The inverse problem is formulated as a nonlinear constrained optimization problem, where the objective function is defined through the square differences between experimental and model data. The direct mathematical model is given by the advection-diffusion equation, which is solved by second-order finite-difference method. In the presence of noise it is necessary to use some regularization term; the Tikhonov function and an entropic regularization of zeroth, first and second orders are used in this paper. In addition, two inversion strategies are used: alternate and simultaneous eddy diffusivities estimation. Numerical experiments show a good performance of the proposed methodology

Bone Characteristics Of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Supplemented With Solanum Glaucophyllum

The aim of this study was to assess the characteristics of the tibiotarsus of male broilers at 21 and 35 days of age. The percentages of collagenous proteins (CP), non-collagenous proteins (NCP), ash, and minerals (calcium, phosphorus, potassium and sodium), as well as weight of dried and defatted tibiotarsus in natura were determined. A total of 648 Cobb® male broilers were used in a random block design study with 6 treatments, 6 replicates, and 18 birds per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of diet supplementation with 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 μg of active Vitamin D3 per kg of feed. The birds were weighed at 21 and 35 days of age and one bird per repetition with the mean weight of the experimental unit was slaughtered to collect the tibiotarsus. The organic and mineral composition of the bone was affected by the addition of active Vitamin D3 to the feed. Our results indicate that a dose of up to 1.50 μg of 1,25(OH)2D3/kg of feed is ideal for male broilers between 8 and 35 days of age.37138139

TOPOGRAFIA DOS COLATERAIS CALIBROSOS DO ARCO AÓRTICO DE UM MÃO - PELADA (Procyon cancrivorus GRAY, 1865) (CARNIVORA PROCYONIADAE)

Estudou-se a topografia dos colaterais calibrosos do arco aórtico em um exemplar de Procyon cancrivorus, adulto, macho, proveniente da Fazenda Experimental do Glória, da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG, Brasil, o qual teve seus vasos arteriais injetados com solução corada de Neoprene Latex 450, com posterior fixação em solução aquosa de formol a 10% e submetidos à dissecação. O arco aórtico encontra-se em correspondência à terceira costela, no antímero esquerdo da cavidade torácica. O primeiro ramo calibroso do arco aórtico é o tronco braquiocefálico, situado medialmente à terceira costela, originando as artérias carótida comum esquerda, carótida comum direita e a subclávia direita, em correspondência ao primeiro espaço intercostal. A artéria subclávia esquerda é o segundo ramo emergente do arco aórtico, originando-se medialmente à terceira costela. As artérias subclávias direita e esquerda, cedem os mesmos colaterais em ambos os antímeros, ou seja, tronco costocervical esquerdo (medialmente à primeira costela), tronco costocervical direito (borda cranial da primeira costela), artérias cervical superficial esquerda e cervical superficial direita (borda cranial da primeira costela), artéria torácica interna esquerda (medialmente à segunda costela) e artéria torácica interna direita (borda cranial da primeira costela). The topography of the thick collaterals of the aortic arch in a crab eating raccoon Procyon cancrivorus Gray, 1865, Carnivora Procyoniadae Abstract An anatomical study has been carried out on the topography of the thick collateral branches of the aortic arch in an adult male specimen of raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus) from the Gloria Experimental Farm, Federal University of Uberlandia MG, Brasil. For this purpose, the arterial blood vessels were injected with a ruddy solution of Neoprene Latex 450, fixed by means of a 10% aqueous solution of formaldehyde and then dissected. It has been observed that the aortic arch is in correspondence with the third rib at the left side of the thoracic cavity The first thick branch of the aortic arch is the brachiocephalic trunk which is situaded medially in regard to the third rib, originating the left common carotid artery, the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery in correspondence with the first intercostal space. The left subclavian artery is the second emerging branch of the aortic arch originating itself medialy to the third rib. The right and the left subclavian arteries give way to the same collaterals in both sides, as the left costocervical trunk (medially to the first rib), the right costocervical trunk (cranial edge of the first rib), the left and the right superficial cervical arteries (cranial edge of the first rib, the left internal thoracic artery (medially to the second rib), and the right internal thoracic artery (cranial edge of the first rib)

Effect of continuum couplings in fusion of halo 11^{11}Be on 208^{208}Pb around the Coulomb barrier

The effect of continuum couplings in the fusion of the halo nucleus $^{11}$Be on $^{208}$Pb around the Coulomb barrier is studied using a three-body model within a coupled discretised continuum channels (CDCC) formalism. We investigate in particular the role of continuum-continuum couplings. These are found to hinder total, complete and incomplete fusion processes. Couplings to the projectile $1p_{1/2}$ bound excited state redistribute the complete and incomplete fusion cross sections, but the total fusion cross section remains nearly constant. Results show that continuum-continuum couplings enhance the irreversibility of breakup and reduce the flux that penetrates the Coulomb barrier. Converged total fusion cross sections agree with the experimental ones for energies around the Coulomb barrier, but underestimate those for energies well above the Coulomb barrier.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, accepted in Phys. Rev.

ORIGEM E RAMIFICAÇÕES DAS ARTÉRIAS MESENTÉRICAS CRANIAL E CAUDAL EM TARTARUGA DA AMAZÔNIA Podocnemis expansa Schweigger, 1812, (Testudinata-pelomedusidae)

Foram estudadas cinco Podocnemis expansa, fêmeas, cujo peso variava de 550 a 850 g. Os animais tiveram seu sistema arterial injetado com solução corada de látex sintético, fixados e armazenados em solução aquosa de formaldeído a 10%. Após abertura da cavidade celomática, as artérias mesentéricas cranial e caudal foram dissecadas. Encontrou-se a artéria mesentérica cranial como um ramo do tronco celíaco-mesentérico e originando as artérias pancreaticoduodenal caudal, ileocólica e jejunais, que irrigam o duodeno, pâncreas, cólon, íleo e jejuno, respectivamente. A artéria mesentérica caudal origina-se da aorta (60%) ou da artéria ilíaca comum (40%), distribuindo-se para o cólon e reto. Origin and ramifications of the cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries in Amazonian turtle - Podocnemis expansa Schweigger, 1812, Testudinata-Pelomedusidae Abstract An anatomic study has been carried out on the mesenteric arteries of five Podocnemis expansa females weighing from 550 to 680 g. The animals had their artery system injected with a latex solution colored with a specific pigment and were then fixed in a 10% formol solution. After the coelomatic cavity being opened the cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries were dissected. It has been found that the cranial mesenteric artery is a branch of the coeliac mesenteric trunk while the cranial mesenteric artery gives off the pancreatic-duodenal , ileocolic and jejunal arteries that irrigate the duodenum, pancreas, colon, ileum and jejunum respectively. The aorta gives origen of as much as 60% of the caudal mesenteric artery, the remaining 40 % being originated from the common ileac artery, their branches reaching the colon and the rectum

TOPOGRAFIA DO CONE MEDULAR EM UM GATO MOURISCO, Herpailurus yagouaroundi (Severtzow, 1858)(FELIDAE)

A anestesia caudal foi proposta pela primeira vez em 1926 e diversas técnicas foram desenvolvidas para anestesiar os nervos espinhais lombares e sacrais. Os métodos para anestesia epidural exigem conhecimento da anatomia da região envolvida. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a topografia do cone medular do gato mourisco, tornando possível a realização desta técnica anestésica em um felino silvestre de nossa fauna. Uma gata mourisca, adulta, proveniente do Zoológico Parque do Sabiá, Uberlândia-MG, foi encaminhado ao Laboratório de Pesquisa em Animais Silvestres (LAPAS), com o objetivo de determinar a topografia do cone medular para tornar possível a realização desta técnica anestésica em um felino silvestre de nossa fauna. Este animal foi fixado em solução de formol a 10%. Feita incisão de pele, os músculos da coluna vertebral foram retirados, os arcos vertebrais foram seccionados para visualização da medula espinhal e seus envoltórios. O cone medular neste animal iniciou-se na sexta vértebra lombar (L6) e terminou na segunda vértebra sacral (S2), com comprimento total de 50mm. O comprimento corporal deste felino foi de 473mm. Conclui-se que o melhor local para a anestesia epidural do membro pélvico no gato mourisco está entre as vértebras L6 e S2. Topographycal study on the medullar cone in jaguarundi, Herpailurus yagouaroundi (Severtzow,1858)(FELIDAE Abstract Since the caudal anesthesia was first proposed in 1926 many techniques were developed to anesthethize the lumbar and sacral nerves. Such methods for epidural anesthesia require knowledge of the relative anatomical regions. The objetive of the present study was to determine the topographic anatomy of the jaguarundi medullar cone as a morphological basis for application of anesthesis techniques. One adult female jaguarondi that perished by natural death has been obtained form the Sabiá Zoo Park, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil and conducted to tha Wild Animals Laboratory. The animal was fixes in 10% formalin solution. Following skin incision, muscles of the vertebral column were removed and the vertebral arcs sectioned for the visualization of hte spinal cord and its wrappers. Epidural anesthesic drug in the medullar cone. The medullar cone in this jaguarundi startet in the sixth lumbar vertebra (L6) and ended in the second sacral vertebra (S2); the spinal cord length was 50mm. The corporal length of this feline measured 473mm. The best region to perform the pelvic anesthesia in a jaguarundi is between the vertebra L6 and S2