Procedures and operating instructions for diagnosis in vascular anomalies and pathology

In the last 30 years a revolution has occurred in the diagnosis and management of vascular anomalies. The great changes began with Mulliken and Glowacki separation of hemangiomas and vascular anomalies. Their work has now morphed into the ISSVA classification. Subsequently the discovery of the significance of the presence of GLUT-1 in the diagnosis of the hemangiomas of infancy gave us a new marker in our quest for accurate classification. Now genetic breakthroughs have led us into a \u201cStar Wars\u201d like environment in the experimental laboratory. During all these events the critical role of the pathologist has become more evident. Understanding the histopathology of anomalies has greatly aided in our approach to therapies. Moreover, genetic findings do not have full significance without the morphologic framework

Rapidly-Disintegrating Laminar Extrudates: Preliminary Experiments upon an Age Appropriate Pediatric Formulation

The aim of the present investigation is to produce rapidly disintegrating laminar extrudates for delivering ibuprofen in the mouth of paediatric patients. This laminar shape is particularly convenient for drug delivering in the mouth and can be easily cut in cut in different sizes allowing for a convenient adjustment of the drug dose depending on the age of the patient. Due to the fact that in paediatric formulations, the selection of the excipients is always a challenging issue and the reduction of their amount is always highly desirable, in this study to select the most appropriate composition to achieve a rapid disintegration and simultaneously permit a high amount of ibuprofen in the system, an experimental design for mixtures was employed and the disintegration time in simulated saliva was used as experimental response. In addition, after solid state analyses to check possible insurgence of drug-excipients interactions, laminar extrudates were characterised in terms of mechanical properties and in vitro dissolution performances. Extrudates with the desired uniform laminar shape, constant thickness (2 mm) and a very high content of drug (82% wt) were produced. These products exhibited a short disintegration time. The dose for a patient of 6-12 years corresponded to a length of extrudate between 1-1.5 cm, perfectly compatible with a formulation orodispersible thin laminar extrudate intended for a paediatric patient (Figure 1)

Supercritical Antisolvent Precipitation of Quercetin Systems: Preliminary Experiments

Flavonoids have attracted a lot of attention due to their antioxidant, antitumor and antibacterial activities. Quercetin (3,5,7,3,4-pentahydroxyflavone) is a polyphenolic flavonoid that shows several biological effects including a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of several human and animal cancer cell lines and enhances the antiproliferative effect of cisplatin both in-vitro and in-vivo. In spite of a variety of its biological effects. Quercetin is very poorly soluble in water, which has limited its absorption upon oral administration. As known, the solubility of drug is often due to the increase of the surface/volume ratio which implies the increase of the number of surface atoms (or molecules) with respect to the number of bulk atoms (or molecules). With this aim, we investigated the use of supercritical antisolvent (SAS) technique for Quercetin microparticles generation finding the best operative conditions through the Peng Robinson’s Equation of State. The obtained simulation behaviors were confirmed by experimental precipitation: the physicochemical characterizations of the samples were also performe

procedures and operating instructions for diagnosis in vascular anomalies and pathology

In the last 30 years a revolution has occurred in the diagnosis and management of vascular anomalies. The great changes began with Mullikenand Glowacki separation of hemangiomas and vascular anomalies. Their work has now morphed into the ISSVA classification. Subsequentlythe discovery of the significance of the presence of GLUT-1 in the diagnosis of the hemangiomas of infancy gave us a new markerin our quest for accurate classification. Now genetic breakthroughs have led us into a "Star Wars" like environment in the experimental laboratory.During all these events the critical role of the pathologist has become more evident. Understanding the histopathology of anomalieshas greatly aided in our approach to therapies. Moreover, genetic findings do not have full significance without the morphologic framewor

A rare case of transmural endometriosis in primary adenocarcinoma of the rectum

Intestinal endometriosis of the rectum and sigmoid colon, occurring in up to 34% of pelvic endometriosis, mimics a wide number of conditions that are difficult to differentiate from inflammatory or malignant diseases. Herein we report the first case of transmural endometriosis concomitant with advanced primary rectal adenocarcinoma, presenting with obstructive symptoms. Correct diagnosis based on morphological identification and immunohistochemical characterization of the two entities is crucial for treatment

Drug-polymer filled micro-containers for oral delivery loaded using supercritical CO₂ aided-impregnation

In this work we present an effective loading technique of micro-containers for oral drug delivery of a poorly water soluble drug in a solid dispersion with polymer. By combining inkjet printing and supercritical CO2 impregnation we load ketoprofen in a solid dispersion with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) into cylindrical micro-containers providing unidirectional release. Both the printing and the impregnation step can be tuned in order to control drug loading with accuracy in the range of micro-grams

Calciphylaxis in a dialysis patient treated by intralesional and systemic sodium thiosulphate on top of multifactorial intervention

Calciphylaxis, or calcific uraemic arteriolopathy (CUA), represents a life-threatening disease. Dialysis patients and those receiving warfarin are seen as populations at higher risk for CUA. Treatments for CUA are still uncertain despite the poor survival of the disease. Administration of intravenous sodium thiosulphate (STS) has been purposed to treat CUA in dialysis patients. Due to the poor tolerability of STS, characterized by nausea, hypocalcaemia, metabolic acidosis and QT-interval prolongation, its intralesional administration has been reported. We herein present the improvement of wounds in a haemodialysis patient affected by CUA, treated by multipronged intervention including both intravenous and intralesional STS