Impact du COVID-19 sur la consultation en ophtalmologie en Maroc: enquête auprès de 35 ophtalmologistes

D´une épidémie en Décembre à une pandémie mondiale en début de Mars, le COVID-19 est arrivée au Maroc le 02 Mars et le nombre des patients consultants en ophtalmologie a connu, depuis, une baisse considérable. Par ailleurs, les ophtalmologistes en majorité se sont portés au-devant de la scène pour assurer la continuité de soins et les urgences en respectant les consignes sanitaires. Nous avons élaboré un questionnaire afin de collecter les informations sur les orientations générales de 35 ophtalmologistes concernant l´impact du COVID-19 sur l´activité de la consultation. Les résultats de cette enquête ont objectivé que 88,57% des ophtalmologistes sondés ont maintenu leurs activités de consultation dont les ¾ faisaient que les cas urgents ou dont l´état nécessite une prise en charge sans différée. La majorité des ophtalmologistes déclare une activité en baisse d´au moins 90% par rapport à leur activité habituelle. Les ophtalmologues en activité estiment que le risque d´être contaminer ou de contaminer ses patients et ses proches demeures moyennes à élever dans la majorité des cas malgré les gestes barrières de protection

MONITORING OF ORGANIC POLLUTION AND MATURITY OF ORGANIC MATTER FROM SLUDGE LANDFILLING

The biotransformation during the 3 years of sludge landfilling was evaluated by physicochemical analysis and phytotoxicity test. The final product exhibited a high degree of decomposition rate (51.06 %) than the controls as shown by a decrease of C/N ratio of about 19.67. The results showed that the lipid, surfactant and polyphenol as main compound of the sludge were breakdown over time. The concentrations decreased from 29.9 to 11.8 mg·g-1 and 3.4 to 0.6 mg·g-1, respectively for surfactant and polyphenols after 3 years of landfilling. This corresponds to a reduction of 80.2 % for polyphenols and 60.4 % for surfactant, due to the microorganisms activity. Total lipids decrease from 16.5 to 6.27 mg·g-1 of dry matter, representing an abatement rate of about 62 %. The evolution of organic matter reflects the progress of the humification process, which judging by the increase in the polymerization degree, is about 20 %. The landfilling efficiency to reduce phytotoxicity of sludge was confirmed by the germination index, which reached 52 and 59 %, respectively for alfalfa and cress after 3 years of landfilling. These results are promising and pave the way for agricultural spreading of sludge

Performance of simultaneous carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus removal from vegetable oil refining wastewater in an aerobic-anoxic sequencing batch reactor (OA-SBR) system by alternating the cycle times

Carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) pollutants are among the most common environmental contaminants in different types of industrial wastewater, and they are a pollution factor that causes the eutrophication of receiving aquatic systems. An aerobic-anoxic sequencing batch reactor (O/A-SBR) system was studied to enhance the efficiency of vegetable oil refining wastewater treatment (VORW). Reactors were exploited with a total cycle period of 24 h (20 min filling, 17 h aeration, 4 h anoxic, 2 h settling, 20 min draw, and 20 min idle). SBR efficiency was evaluated by measuring pH, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), and nutrients such as nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate. The results showed better performance from the start of operation with COD (83%), BOD5 (94%), turbidity (80%), nitrate (93%), ammonium (96%), and phosphate (91%) removal efficiencies. As industrial wastewater treatment is an important and complicated issue regarding environmental pollution, SBR can provide a better solution. The O/A-SBR system is a promising option that the VOR industry may adopt as a pre-treatment due to its more effective, inexpensive, and simple operation for organic matter and nutrient removal