ダイ49ジ ニホン ナンキョク チイキ カンソクタイ キショウ ブモン ホウコク 2008

この報告は第49次日本南極地域観測隊気象部門が,2008年2月1日から2009年1月27日までの越冬期間中に昭和基地において行った気象観測結果をまとめたものである.観測方法・測器・統計方法などは第48次隊とほぼ同様である. 越冬期間中,特記される気象現象として,次のものが挙げられる. 1)9月1日,175 hPaから上層のすべての気圧面で,9月としての最低気温の極値を更新した. 2)地上気象観測において,10月の平均気温は-17.5°Cと低く,これまでの平均値として最も低い極値(2007年までの記録は1991年10月の-16.1°C)を更新した. 3)昭和基地上空のオゾン全量は,8月下旬から11月下旬までオゾンホールの目安となる220 m atm-cmをほぼ継続的に下回った.特に9月中旬から10月中旬にかけてオゾン全量が非常に少なく,10月16日には2008年でも最小値である140 m atm-cmを記録した (2007年までの最小値は2006年10月17日の114 m atm-cm).This report describes the result of meteorological observations at Syowa Station by the Meteorological Observation Team of the 49th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE-49) during the period 1 February 2008 to 27 January 2009. The observation methods, instruments, and statistical methods used by the JARE-49 team are nearly the same as those used by the JARE-48 observation team. Remarkable weather phenomena observed during the period of JARE-49 are as follows. 1) On 1 September 2008, the record minimum temperature for September was observed in the upper atmosphere (pressure greater than 175 hPa). 2) The monthly mean temperature at Syowa Station during October 2008 was -17.5°C; this is the lowest monthly mean October temperature recorded at Syowa Station. 3) The total ozone over Syowa Station was less than or equal to 220 m atm-cm during the period from late August to late November, and was close to minimum levels during the period from mid-September to mid-October. The lowest total ozone in 2008, recorded on 16 October 2008, was 140 m atm-cm

Possible involvement of iron-induced oxidative insults in neurodegeneration.

Involvement of iron in the development of neurodegenerative disorders has long been suggested, and iron that cannot be stored properly is suggested to induce iron toxicity. To enhance iron uptake and suppress iron storage in neurons, we generated transgenic (Tg) mice expressing iron regulatory protein 2 (IRP2), a major regulator of iron metabolism, in a neuron-specific manner. Although very subtle, IRP2 was expressed in all regions of brain examined. In the Tg mice, mitochondrial oxidative insults were observed including generation of 4-hydroxynonenal modified proteins, which appeared to be removed by a mitochondrial quality control protein Parkin. Inter-crossing of the Tg mice to Parkin knockout mice perturbed the integrity of neurons in the substantia nigra and provoked motor symptoms. These results suggest that a subtle, but chronic increase in IRP2 induces mitochondrial oxidative insults and accelerates neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Thus, the IRP2 Tg may be a useful tool to probe the roles of iron-induced mitochondrial damages in neurodegeraration research

A Systematic Approach to Timeseries Metabolite Profiling and RNA-seq Analysis of Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Culture

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the primary host used for biopharmaceutical protein production. The engineering of CHO cells to produce higher amounts of biopharmaceuticals has been highly dependent on empirical approaches, but recent high-throughput "omics" methods are changing the situation in a rational manner. Omics data analyses using gene expression or metabolite profiling make it possible to identify key genes and metabolites in antibody production. Systematic omics approaches using different types of time-series data are expected to further enhance understanding of cellular behaviours and molecular networks for rational design of CHO cells. This study developed a systematic method for obtaining and analysing time-dependent intracellular and extracellular metabolite profiles, RNA-seq data (enzymatic mRNA levels) and cell counts from CHO cell cultures to capture an overall view of the CHO central metabolic pathway (CMP). We then calculated correlation coefficients among all the profiles and visualised the whole CMP by heatmap analysis and metabolic pathway mapping, to classify genes and metabolites together. This approach provides an efficient platform to identify key genes and metabolites in CHO cell culture

Case of relapsed AIDS-related plasmablastic lymphoma treated with autologous stem cell transplantation and highly active antiretroviral therapy

Plasmablastic lymphoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy strongly associated with HIV infection. The refractory/relapsed disease rate is high, and the survival rate is characteristically poor. There are no satisfactory salvage regimens for relapsed cases. We successfully performed autologous stem cell transplantation using a regimen consisting of MCNU (ranimustine), etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan in a Japanese patient with relapsed AIDS-related plasmablastic lymphoma of the oral cavity. Highly active antiretroviral therapy continued during the therapy. Therapy-related toxicity was tolerable, and a total of 40 Gy of irradiation was administered after autologous stem cell transplantation. The patient has remained in complete remission for 16 months since transplantation

維持血液透析患者に対する受動的下肢拳上の検討

Background: Passive leg raising （PLR） has been widely used for stabilizing decreased blood pressure during hemodialysis（HD） sessions. However, the detailed effects have not been well documented. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in hemodynamic parameters during PLR to determine whether the technique stabilizes those parameters in patients undergoing an HD session. Method: PLR was performed in 7 patients（mean age 72.7±10.7 years） for 3 minutes after lying in a supine position for 3 minutes during an HD session. Systolic blood pressure（SBP） and diastolic blood pressure （DBP） were measured at 1-minute intervals, and heart rate （HR）, stroke volume （SV）, cardiac output （CO）, cardiac index （CI）, and total peripheral resistance （TPR） were monitored using impedance cardiography （Physioflow, Manatec Biomedical Co., France） at a frequency of 0.2 Hz in 7 patients. Data for each parameter measured in the supine position were averaged to obtain baseline data. SBP and DBP measurements obtained during the interval in which the highest SBP value was obtained were compared with those at baseline. Sampled data for HR, SV, CO, CI, and TPR during PLR were converted to relative values and compared with the baseline values. Results: SBP during PLR （155.1 ± 19.7mmHg） was significantly higher （p＜0.05） than the baseline （140.2±13.1）, while there was no significant change in DBP. The relative value for TPR （12.3%） was also significantly higher than that at the baseline, while the relative values for HR, CO, and CI （3.6%, 6.7%, and 6.8%, respectively） were significantly lower than the baseline values. There was no significant change in SV. Conclusions: Our results suggest that PLR increases SBP during an HD session, while TPR may contribute to that increase

地域在住高齢透析患者の活動範囲を規定する因子の検討

Background: Physical inactivity in elderly people deteriorates their physical capacity and quality of life and increases their mortality risk. However, a sedentary lifestyle is highly prevalent among elderly hemodialysis （HD） patients. This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics of lifespace mobility-related factors such as muscle mass, nutritional status, and cardiac function in elderly HD patients.Method: Life-space mobility for 158 community-dwelling outpatients （aged ≥65 years） who were undergoing maintenance HD thrice a week was surveyed using the Life-Space Assessment（ LSA）. Parameters such as muscle mass, nutritional status, cardiac function, anemia, inflammation, and obesity were compared between male（ n = 85） and female groups（ n = 73）, and the association between the LSA score and the parameters was investigated using multiple regression analysis in all subjects and the two groups.Results: The mean age of the patients was 73.7±5.8 years. LSA score, psoas muscle index（ PMI）, and serum creatinine（ Cr） levels in the male group were significantly higher than those in the female group. Left ventricular ejection fraction was higher in the female group than in the male group. Using multiple regression analysis, the LSA score in all subjects was independently associated with Cr levels, male gender, and serum albumin levels. Furthermore, in the male group, the LSA score was associated with PMI, while in the female group, the LSA score was associated with serum albumin levels and diabetes mellitus.Conclusions: Our results suggested that higher life-space mobility was associated with higher muscle mass in the male group and with higher nutritional status and absence of diabetes mellitus in the female group. Further comprehensive studies with larger sample sizes are required to investigate additional factors such as physical function and psychosocial and environmental variables

コガタ クライオサンプラー ヲ モチイタ ショウワキチ デノ セイソウケン タイキ サイシュ ジッケン ダイ49ジタイ ジッケン ホウコク

第49次南極地域観測隊(第49次隊)夏期間に昭和基地において,新たに開発した小型クライオサンプラーを用いた成層圏大気採取実験を実施した.小型クライオサンプラーは高圧ネオンガスを断熱膨張させて液体ネオンを製造し,希薄な成層圏大気を固化・液化採取するものであり,既存の大型サンプラーが必要とした液体ヘリウムが不要であること,小型軽量であるために満膨張時容積1000-2000 m3の小型プラスチック気球を用いて成層圏まで飛揚させることが可能であるという特徴がある.2007年12月30日と2008年1月4日に計4機の小型サンプラーを放球し,すべて回収に成功した.そのうち,2機は高度18 km及び25kmの成層圏大気の採取に成功した.採取された大気試料は国内に持ち帰られた後,各種温室効果気体濃度と同位体比の分析が行われた.As a part of summer observations of the 49th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition, stratospheric whole air sampling experiments were conducted at Syowa Station using newly developed compact cryogenic air samplers. The compact sampler uses liquefied neon (produced in-situ) as a refrigerant to solidify or liquefy atmospheric constituents. Because of its reduced size and weight, the sampler can be launched using small-size balloons (1000–2000 m3 in volume). On December 30, 2007 and January 4, 2008, a total of 4 samplers were launched from Syowa Station and recovered on the same day as their launches. Two of them functioned as designed and collected stratospheric air samples at altitudes of 18 and 25 km. The air samples were analyzed for greenhouse gas concentrations and stable isotopes after return to Japan