Les enjeux de management associés à la montée en compétence marketing des distributeurs

International audienceFrom the 90's onwards, retailers' marketing resources have been mainly developed through the recruitment of qualified managers and the establishment of partnerships with service providers and suppliers. However, our research shows that overall marketing competency relies less on the resources than on the dynamic capabilities that retailers can create. The process is complex and progressive. It involves a significant corporate culture change and the implementation of transversal processes, notably through to the management of product categories. However, a stronger development of marketing competencies by retailers probably involves a deeper transformation of their business model.Pendant les années 1990-2010, la mobilisation par les distributeurs des ressources attachées à la compétence marketing s'est principalement opérée par le recrutement de personnels qualifiés et la mise en place de partenariats. Cependant, notre étude montre que le cœur de la compétence marketing réside moins dans les ressources que dans l'adaptation des capacités organisationnelles. Cette adaptation se révèle comme un processus complexe et progressif, mettant en jeu des questions de culture d'entreprise et de transversalité des processus, notamment autour du management des catégories de produits. Cependant, le renforcement durable des compétences marketing dans la distribution passe sans doute par un profond changement du modèle d'affaires

Les enjeux de management associés par la montée en compétence marketing des distributeurs.

Pendant les années 1990-2010, la mobilisation par les distributeurs des ressources attachées à la compétence marketing s’est principalement opérée par le recrutement de personnels qualifiés et la mise en place de partenariats. Cependant, notre étude montre que le cœur de la compétence marketing réside moins dans les ressources que dans l’adaptation des capacités organisationnelles. Cette adaptation se révèle comme un processus complexe et progressif, mettant en jeu des questions de culture d’entreprise et de transversalité des processus, notamment autour du management des catégories de produits. Cependant, le renforcement durable des compétences marketing dans la distribution passe sans doute par un profond changement du modèle d’affaires.From the 90’s onwards, retailers’ marketing resources have been mainly developed through the recruitment of qualified managers and the establishment of partnerships with service providers and suppliers. However, our research shows that overall marketing competency relies less on the resources than on the dynamic capabilities that retailers can create. The process is complex and progressive. It involves a significant corporate culture change and the implementation of transversal processes, notably through to the management of product categories. However, a stronger development of marketing competencies by retailers probably involves a deeper transformation of their business model.Grande distribution; ressources et compétences; capacités organisationnelles; culture d’entreprise; management des catégories; modèle d’affaires;

Accumulation of Trace Metals, Petroleum Hydrocarbons, and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Marine Copepods from the Arabian Gulf

In this study, zooplankton samples were collected from the coastal waters of Qatar during winter and summer 1998 to assess the impact of growing industrialization on the bioaccumulation of trace metals, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in copepods, the dominant zooplankton group and main food for fish in the Arabian Gulf

Developing a Framework for Dynamic Risk Assessment Using Bayesian Networks and Reliability Data

PresentationProcess Safety in the oil and gas industry is managed through a robust Process Safety Management (PSM) system that involves the assessment of the risks associated with a facility in all steps of its life cycle. Risk levels tend to fluctuate throughout the life cycle of many processes due to several time varying risk factors (performances of the safety barriers, equipment conditions, staff competence, incidents history, etc.). While current practices for quantitative risk assessments (e.g. Bow-tie analysis, LOPA, etc.) have brought significant improvements in the management of major hazards, they are static in nature and do not fully take into account the dynamic nature of risk and how it improves risk-based decision making In an attempt to continually enhance the risk management in process facilities, the oil and gas industry has put in very significant efforts over the last decade toward the development of process safety key performance indicators (KPI or parameters to be observed) to continuously measure or gauge the efficiency of safety management systems and reduce the risks of major incidents. This has increased the sources of information that are used to assess risks in real-time. The use of such KPIs has proved to be a major step forward in the improvement of process safety in major hazards facilities. Looking toward the future, there appears to be an opportunity to use the multiple KPIs measured at a process plant to assess the quantitative measure of risk levels at the facility on a time-variant basis. ExxonMobil Research Qatar (EMRQ) has partnered with the Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center – Qatar (MKOPSC-Q) to develop a methodology that establishes a framework for a tool that monitors in real time the potential increases in risk levels as a result of pre-identified risk factors that would include the use of KPIs (leading or lagging) as observations or evidence using Bayesian Belief Networks (BN). In this context, the paper presents a case study of quantitative risk assessment of a process unit using BN. The different steps of the development of the BN are detailed, including: translation of a Bowtie into a skeletal BBN, modification of the skeletal BN to incorporate KPIs (loss of primary containment (LOPC), equipment, management and human related), and testing of the BBN with forward and backward inferences. The outcomes of the dynamic modeling of the BN with real time insertion of evidence are discussed and recommendation for the framework for a dynamic risk assessment tool are made

Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis among women attending gynecology and infertility clinics in Gaza, Palestine

SummaryBackgroundChlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterium characterized by a biphasic developmental cycle of replication. The organism is recognized as one of the major causes of sexually transmissible human bacterial infection throughout the world. Since there have been no previous studies dealing with chlamydial diagnosis in Palestine, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of C. trachomatis infection among women attending gynecology and infertility clinics.MethodsEndocervical swabs were collected from 109 women, aged 18–52 years (median 29 years), attending gynecology and infertility clinics in Gaza. These specimens were processed using molecular (polymerase chain reaction, PCR) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA; IDEIA™ PCE Chlamydia) techniques.ResultsThe results obtained show that the overall prevalence rate of C. trachomatis was 20.2%. The sensitivity was 73% for the EIA, 86% for the MOMP (major outer membrane protein gene)-based PCR, and 100% for the plasmid-based PCR. Meanwhile the specificity was 94% for the EIA, 98% for the plasmid-based PCR, and 100% for the MOMP-based PCR. In multivariate analysis, only cervical discharge was significantly associated with positivity for C. trachomatis (adjusted odds ratio 5.6, 95% confidence interval 2.0–15.5; p=0.001).ConclusionsThe study revealed that a significant proportion of Palestinian women expressed evidence of exposure to C. trachomatis. Women with cervicitis are more likely to have been previously infected or exposed to Chlamydia infection. Furthermore, PCR proved to be superior and more efficient in the diagnosis of C. trachomatis than EIA

Croissance des jeunes entreprises et territoires

Cette étude s’intéresse à l’influence des caractéristiques du territoire d’implantation sur la croissance des jeunes entreprises. Le territoire constitue à la fois pour les entreprises une offre de ressources, des débouchés et un accès à des mécanismes de coordination. Par la mobilisation des données individuelles de l’enquêtes SINE de l’INSEE, un modèle de croissance est construit afin de tester l’influence d’un large ensemble de variables décrivant l’environnement local des entreprises. Il ressort que les caractéristiques du territoire d’implantation jouent un rôle significatif, mais modeste, sur la croissance des jeunes entreprises au cours des trois premières années d’activité. En particulier, l’offre d’un environnement dense et riche en ressources exerce une influence positive sur la croissance des jeunes entreprises. De même, la spécialisation marquée du territoire dans l’activité de l’entreprise, gage de la présence locale de ressources spécifiques et d’économies de localisation, apporte un soutien à la croissance. À l’inverse, l’intensité de la concurrence locale tend à pénaliser la croissance.This paper analyses the influence on the young firms’ growth of the characteristic of their area of location. The location can be considered as a pool of resources, outlets and access to specific coordination devices. The effect of a large number of characteristics of regions is tested through a model apply on the individual data from the SINE survey of INSEE. It is shown that some characteristics of the location area play a small influence on the growth rate of young firms during their first three years. More precisely, the munificence of the local environment is positively associated with growth, as the specialisation of the region in the industry of the firm which involves the offer specific resources and location economies. On the opposite, the intensity of competition is negatively linked to growth