PENGEMBANGAN KESADARAN DEMOKRASI DALAM ORGANISASI MAHASISWA (Studi Kasus Pendidikan Kewarganegeraan di Badan Eksekutif Mahasiswa IKIP PGRI Pontianak)

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya partisipasi demokrasi mahasiswa dalam mengikuti berbagai kegiatan yang dilakukan di kampus maka dari itu perlu dilakukan pengembangan kesadaran demokrasi mahasiswa melalui Pendidikan Kewarganegaran. Pendidikan kewarganegaraan dikembangkan melalui domain kurikuler, domain akademik dan domain sosial kultural. Penelitian ini peneliti mengkaji Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan sebagai domain sosial kultural, yaitu Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan yang berkembang di organisasi mahasiswa sebagai gerakan civil society. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh gambaran faktual mengenai proses pengembangan kesadaran demokrasi di Badan Eksekutif Mahasiswa IKIP PGRI Pontianak. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data dan informasi dilakukan melalui teknik observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil temuan dalam penelitian ini yaitu: Kondisi kesadaran demokrasi Badan Eksekutif Mahasiswa IKIP PGRI Pontianak terlihat pada (1). Kesempatan dalam megemukakan pendapat, adanya kebebasan untuk berkelompok dan berorganisasi, adanya rasa saling percaya dan sikap saling menghargai adanya prinsip persamaan kedudukan didalam organisasi, adanya kesempatan yang sama dalam bagi pengurus, dan terjalinnya kerjasama. (2). Proses pengembangan kesadaran demokrasi mahasiswa di Badan Eksekutif Mahasiswa IKIP PGRI Pontianak meliputi: penerapan pendekatan persuasif, melakukan kegiatan penalaran, pelatihan kepemimpinan dan pengaderan serta efektifitas kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh Badan Eksekutif Mahasiswa dalam pengembangan kesadaran demokrasi mampu meningkatkan kinerja pengurus. (3). Kendala dalam pengembangan kesadaran demokrasi di Badan Eksekutif Mahasiswa IKIP PGRI Pontianak berupa rendahnya kontribusi mahasiswa dan dukungan kampus dalam kegiatan mahasiswa. (4). Upaya pengembangan kesadaran demokasri di Badan Eksekutif Mahasiswa IKIP PGRI Pontianak dilakukan dengan cara melakukan kegiatan pengkaderan, kegiatan pelatihan kepemimpinan, optimalisasi sarana dan prasarana kampus dan meningkatkan peran kemahasiswaan dalam pembinaan mahasiswa. Saran penelitian yakni perlunya sebuah upaya yang lebih intensif berupa sosialisasi mengenai paran dan fungsi oragnisasi kampus dari pembina kemahisiswaan dalam upaya meningkatkan jumlah mahasiswa yang berkontribusi secara aktif dalam mengikuti berbagai kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh organisasi mahasiswa. Kata Kunci: Kesadaran Demokrasi, Oragnisasi Mahasiswa, Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan. This research is motivated by the lack of democratic participation of students in following the activities undertaken on campus therefore necessary to develop student consciousness democracy through Citizenship Education. Civic education developed through curricular domains, the domain of academic and socio-cultural domains. This study researchers examined Civics as socio-cultural domain, which is growing Citizenship Education in student organizations as civil society movements. This study aims to obtain a factual description of the process of developing consciousness democratic in Teacher Training Institute Student Executive Council PGRI Pontianak. This study used a qualitative approach with the case study method. Data collection techniques and information is done through observation, interview and documentation. The findings in this study are: the consciousness democratic of Teacher Training Institute Student Executive Council PGRI Pontianak seen in (1). Opportunities in pointed opinion, the freedom to group and organize, lack of trust and mutual respect of the principle of equality within the organization, the existence of equal opportunity in the board, and the establishment of cooperation. (2). The process of developing consciousness democratic of students in Teacher Training Institute Student Executive Council PGRI Pontianak include: the application of persuasion, reasoning activities, leadership and cadre training and the effectiveness of the activities carried out by the Student Executive Board in the development of consciousness democratic is able to improve the performance of the board. (3). Constraints in the development of consciousness in Teacher Training Institute Student Executive Council Pontianak PGRI a low contribution and support college students in student activities. (4). Efforts of Consciousness democratic development in Teacher Training Institute Student Executive Council PGRI Pontianak done by conducting cadre, leadership training activities, optimization of the campus infrastructure and improve the role of student affairs in student development. Research suggestions that the need for a more intensive effort to socializing on campus organizations of severe and functions of supervisors of students in an effort to increase the number of students who contribute actively to participate in various activities conducted by student organizations. Keywords: Consciousness Democracy, Student Organization, Civic Education

Synthesis and characterization of polystyrene-blockpoly(vinylbenzoic acid): a promising compound for manipulating photoresponsive properties at the nanoscale

"Published online: 27 January 2015"Using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, the effect of PSt macroRAFT and 4VBA ratio on the synthesis of a carboxylic acid functional block copolymer (PSt-b-P4VBA) was studied. PSt macroRAFT polymer was initially prepared followed by the insertion of 4-vinylbenzoic acid (4VBA) monomer. The chemical structure of the diblock copolymer was confirmed by NMR and FTIR. The effect of PSt macroRAFT and 4VBA ratio on copolymerization yield and on molecular weight distribution was assessed by gel permeation chromatography. The rate of polymerization did not change as the 4VBA/PSt macroRAFT ratio increased, indicating an ideal amount of 4VBA insertion. An optimal ratio of [PSt macroRAFT]:[AIBN]:[4VBA] was 1.2:1:180. DSC and XRD confirmed the amorphous structure of homo and copolymer. Thermal stability was higher for PSt-b-P4VBA forming activated porous carbon char by dehydration, carbonization and oxidation. SEM and STEM observations showed a morphological evolution between PSt macroRAFT and the correspondent copolymer.The authors acknowledge the n-STeP-Nanostructured systems for Tailored Performance, with reference NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-000039, supported by the Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON.2), PEst-C/CTM/LA0025/2013 (Strategic Project-LA 25-2013-2014)

Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells to Sympathetic Neurons: A Potential Model for Understanding Neuroblastoma Pathogenesis

Background and Aims: Previous studies modelling human neural crest differentiation from stem cells have resulted in a low yield of sympathetic neurons. Our aim was to optimise a method for the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to sympathetic neuron-like cells (SN) to model normal human SNS development. Results: Using stromal-derived inducing activity (SDIA) of PA6 cells plus BMP4 and B27 supplements, the H9 hESC line was differentiated to neural crest stem-like cells and SN-like cells. After 7 days of PA6 cell coculture, mRNA expression of SNAIL and SOX-9 neural crest specifier genes and the neural marker peripherin (PRPH) increased. Expression of the pluripotency marker OCT 4 decreased, whereas TP53 and LIN28B expression remained high at levels similar to SHSY5Y and IMR32 neuroblastoma cell lines. A 5-fold increase in the expression of the catecholaminergic marker tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and the noradrenergic marker dopamine betahydroxylase (DBH) was observed by day 7 of differentiation. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting for the neural crest marker p75, enriched for cells expressing p75, DBH, TH, and PRPH, was more specific than p75 neural crest stem cell (NCSC) microbeads. On day 28 post p75 sorting, dual immunofluorescence identified sympathetic neurons by PRPH and TH copositivity cells in 20% of the cell population. Noradrenergic sympathetic neurons, identified by copositivity for both PHOX2B and DBH, were present in 9.4% ± 5.5% of cells. Conclusions: We have optimised a method for noradrenergic SNS development using the H9 hESC line to improve our understanding of normal human SNS development and, in a future work, the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma

Biomimetic potential of some methacrylate-based copolymers: A comparative study

Preparation of new biocompatible materials for bone recovery has consistently gained interest in the last few decades. Special attention was given to polymers that contain negatively charged groups, such as phosphate, carboxyl, and sulfonic groups toward calcification. This present paper work demonstrates that other functional groups present also potential application in bone pathology. New copolymers of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate with diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC), glycidyl methacrylate (GlyMA), methacrylic acid (MAA), 2-methacryloyloxymethyl acetoacetate (MOEAA), 2-methacryloyloxyethyltriethylammonium chloride (MOETAC), and tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate (THFMA) were obtained. The copolymers were characterized by FTIR, swelling potential, and they were submitted to in vitro tests for calcification and cytotoxicity evaluation. GlyMA and MOETAC-containing copolymers show promising results for further in vivo mineralization tests, as a potential alternative to the classical bone grafts, in bone tissue engineering

Phosphorus-containing gradient (block)copolymers via RAFT polymerization and post-polymerization modification

Reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of styrene (St) and 4‐(diphenylphosphino)styrene (DPPS) is explored to establish the statistical distribution of the phosphine‐functional monomer within the copolymer. RAFT copolymerization of St and DPPS at a variety of feed ratios provides phosphine‐functional copolymers of low dispersity at moderate monomer conversion (Ð 60%). In all cases, the fraction of DPPS in the resulting polymers is greater than that in the monomer feed. Estimation of copolymerization reactivity ratios indicates DPPS has a strong tendency to homopolymerize while St preferentially copolymerizes with DPPS (rDPPS = 4.4; rSt = 0.31). The utility of the copolymers as macro‐RAFT agents in block copolymer synthesis is demonstrated via chain extension with hydrophilic acrylamide (N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMAm)) and acrylate (poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (mPEGA), and di(ethylene glycol) ethyl ether acrylate (EDEGA)) monomers. Finally, access to polymers containing phosphine oxide and phosphonium salt functionalities is shown through postpolymerization modification of the phosphine‐containing copolymers

Molecular architecture of non-linear polymers: kinetic modeling and experimental characterization of the system methyl methacrylate + ethylene glycol dimethacrylate

Molecular Architecture of Non-Linear Polymers: Kinetic Modeling and Experimental Characterization of the System Methyl Methacrylate + Ethylene Glycol DimethacrylateA general kinetic approach[l-4) allowing the prediction of the molecular architecture of non-linear polymers is applied to the study of the copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). Dynamic predictions of molecular weight distributions, sequence length distributions and mean square radius of gyration are possible before and after gelation.FCT European Commissio