25 research outputs found
An integrative review of the methodology and findings regarding dietary adherence in end stage kidney disease
Meal patterns of Malaysian adults: Findings from the Malaysian adults nutrition survey (MANS)
Introduction: Meal patterns have received little attention in nutrition studies.
The aim of this study is to present the findings on general meal patterns of
Malaysian adults. Methods: The Malaysian Adults Nutrition Survey (MANS),
carried out in 2002 and 2003, involved 6,928 adults selected by stratified random
sampling from all households by zone in Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak.
Results: In general, the results showed that most respondents (74.16%) ate three
meals per day; 89.20% of the respondents consumed breakfast, while 88.57%
consumed lunch and 91.97% consumed dinner with no significant difference in
terms of sex. In Peninsular Malaysia, the Northern Zone had the highest number
of people consuming breakfast compared to other zones. Meanwhile, the
population in Sarawak had the largest proportion of people consuming lunch
and dinner, but the smallest proportion of people consuming breakfast. A
significantly higher number of the rural population consumed breakfast and
lunch than urbanites; however there was no significant difference in dinner
consumption. Generally, breakfast consumption increased with age whereby
significant difference existed between the 18 to 19 years age group and the age
group of 30 years and older. Lunch intake among the age groups showed no
significant difference. In contrast, dinner consumption was significantly lower
among the 18 to 19 years age group compared to all other age groups. Comparison
among the ethnic groups showed that the Indian population had the lowest
percentage of having breakfast and lunch while the Orang Asli had the lowest
percentage of consuming dinner. However, the Orang Asli recorded the highest
percentage for taking breakfast and lunch while the Chinese had the highest
percentage of taking dinner. Conclusion: Considering that Malaysian adults
consumed their conventional breakfast, lunch and dinner, these findings
indicatethat Malaysians are maintaining their traditional meal patterns
Experimental and numerical assessment of deflections in circular reinforced concrete beams
Predictors of food insecurity and coping strategies of women asylum seekers and refugees in Durban, South Africa
Family, community, and educational outcomes in South Asia
In this article, we review research on the economics and sociology of education to assess the relationships between family and community variables and children's educational outcomes in South Asia. At the family level, we examine the variables of family socioeconomic status (SES), parental education, family structure, and religion and caste. At the community level, we assess the limited research on the relationships between economic, cultural, and social characteristics and children's educational outcomes. The literature presents several consistent relationships between the roles of family and community characteristics in determining educational outcomes and reveals several possibilities for further research. © 2010 UNESCO IBE