21 research outputs found
Niveau de contamination des produits maraßchers par les substances toxiques sur le site de Houéyiho au Bénin
Il est admis que lâutilisation inappropriĂ©e des intrants agricoles et des pesticides a des effets sur la qualitĂ© des produits maraĂźchers. Câest pour Ă©tudier le niveau de contamination des produits maraĂźchers sur le site de HouĂ©yiho que la prĂ©sente Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e. Il sâagit dâune Ă©tude transversale descriptive et analytique qui a optĂ© pour une approche Ă©co systĂ©mique basĂ©e sur la transdisciplinaritĂ©, la participation des producteurs et le genre/Ă©thique. Des prĂ©lĂšvements de produits maraĂźchers (Daucus carota, Vernonia amygdalina, Lactuca sativa), dâeau et de sol ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©s Ă diffĂ©rents niveaux du site. Les rĂ©sultats de cette Ă©tude rĂ©vĂšlent que leniveau de contamination des produits maraĂźchers est Ă©levĂ© en zinc (198,84 mg/kg), en plomb (17,99 mg/kg), en fer (1042,33 mg/kg) et en cuivre (11,02 mg/kg) par rapport aux normes exigĂ©es par CODEX STAN 193- 1995 rĂ©visĂ© en 2007 et qui sont respectivement de 5 mg/kg, 0,3 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg. Des efforts restent Ă fournir pour rĂ©duire davantage ces concentrations Ă travers des sensibilisations, Ă lâutilisation effective du compost fabriquĂ© sur le site pour minimiser les risques encourus par la population. Mots clĂ©s : Substances toxiques, cultures maraĂźchĂšres, milieu urbain, BĂ©nin
Ătude chimique de lâextrait aqueux dâAllium subvillosum (L.) (Alliaceae) et lâĂ©valuation de sa toxicitĂ© chez les souris
Allium subvillosum (L.) fait partie de la pharmacopĂ©e marocaine, dont les bulbilles sont couramment utilisĂ©es comme dĂ©puratifs et antidotes. Nous avons menĂ© une Ă©tude chimique et biologique de lâextrait aqueux de la partie souterraine, constituĂ©e par des petites bulbilles Ă odeur dâails, dont le but est de valoriser cette plante, aussi bien par la caractĂ©risation chimique que lâĂ©tude toxicologique, et pour fixer ainsi une marge de sĂ©curitĂ© de son emploi par la population locale. Les rĂ©sultats chimiques obtenus ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© la prĂ©sence des flavonoĂŻdes, des alcaloĂŻdes, des stĂ©rols, des triterpĂšnes, des tanins, des composĂ©s rĂ©ducteurs, des hĂ©tĂ©rosides cardiotonique et des saponosides. Et lâĂ©tude de la toxicitĂ© aiguĂ«, rĂ©alisĂ©e chez des souris, a montrĂ© que lâextrait aqueux administrĂ© par voie intrapĂ©ritonĂ©ale est moyennement toxique avec une DL50 = 562.34± 342.64 mg/kg du poids corporel (PC). Alors que la mĂȘme substance est faiblement toxique avec une DL50 = 3235.93 ± 878.34 mg/kg du PC, lorsquâelle est administrĂ©e par voie orale.Mots clĂ©s: PharmacopĂ©e marocaine, toxicitĂ© aiguĂ«, voie intrapĂ©ritonĂ©ale, voie orale, phytochimie
Robot-assisted surgery for the management of apical prolapse: a bicentre prospective cohort study
Objective: Robotâassisted surgery is a recognized treatment for pelvicâorgan prolapse. Many of the surgical subgroup outcomes for apical prolapse are reported together leading to a paucity of homogenous data. Design: Prospective observational cohort study (https://clinicaltrials.gov; identifier NCT01598467) assessing outcomes for homogeneous subgroups of robotâassisted apical prolapse surgery. Setting: Two European tertiary referral hospitals. Population: Consecutive patients undergoing robotâassisted sacrocolpopexy (RASC) and supracervical hysterectomy with sacrocervicopexy (RSHS). Methods: Anatomical cure (simplified Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (sPOPQ) stage 1,), subjective cure (symptoms of bulge) and quality of life (Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire [PFIQâ7]). Main Outcome measures: Primary outcome: anatomical and subjective cure. Secondary outcomes: surgical safety and intraoperative variables. Results: Total 305 patients included (RASC N=188, RSHS N=117). Twelve months followâup available for 144 (RASC 76.6%) and 109 (RSHS 93.2%). Anatomical success of the apical compartment occurred in 91% (RASC) and in 99% (RSHS). In all compartments, success percentages were 67% and 65% respectively. Most recurrences were anterior compartment (15.7% RASC [symptomatic 12.1%]; 22.9% RSHS [symptomatic 4.8%]). Symptoms of bulge improved from 97.4% to 17.4% (p<0.0005). PFIQâ7 scores improved from 76.7 ± 62.3 to 13.5 ± 31.1 (p<0.0005). Duration of surgery increased significantly in RSHS (183.1 ± 38.2 versus 145.3 ± 29.8 [p<0.0005]). Intraoperative complications and conversion rates were low (RASC: 5.3% and 4.3%; RSHS: 0.0% and 0.0%). Four severe postoperative complications occurred after RASC (2.1%) and one after RSHS (1.6%). Conclusion: This is the largest reported prospective cohort study on robotâassisted apical prolapse surgery. Both procedures are safe, with durable results
Epidemiology of neurodegenerative diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review
BACKGROUND:Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries are experiencing rapid transitions with increased life expectancy. As a result the burden of age-related conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases might be increasing. We conducted a systematic review of published studies on common neurodegenerative diseases, and HIV-related neurocognitive impairment in SSA, in order to identify research gaps and inform prevention and control solutions. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE via PubMed, 'Banque de Donnees de Sante Publique' and the database of the 'Institut d'Epidemiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale' from inception to February 2013 for published original studies from SSA on neurodegenerative diseases and HIV-related neurocognitive impairment. Screening and data extraction were conducted by two investigators. Bibliographies and citations of eligible studies were investigated. RESULTS: In all 144 publications reporting on dementia (n=49 publications, mainly Alzheimer disease), Parkinsonism (PD, n=20), HIV-related neurocognitive impairment (n=47), Huntington disease (HD, n=19), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, n=15), cerebellar degeneration (n=4) and Lewy body dementia (n=1). Of these studies, largely based on prevalent cases from retrospective data on urban populations, half originated from Nigeria and South Africa. The prevalence of dementia (Alzheimer disease) varied between <1% and 10.1% (0.7% and 5.6%) in population-based studies and from <1% to 47.8% in hospital-based studies. Incidence of dementia (Alzheimer disease) ranged from 8.7 to 21.8/1000/year (9.5 to 11.1), and major risk factors were advanced age and female sex. HIV-related neurocognitive impairment's prevalence (all from hospital-based studies) ranged from <1% to 80%. Population-based prevalence of PD and ALS varied from 10 to 235/100,000, and from 5 to 15/100,000 respectively while that for Huntington disease was 3.5/100,000. Equivalent figures for hospital based studies were the following: PD (0.41 to 7.2%), ALS (0.2 to 8.0/1000), and HD (0.2/100,000 to 46.0/100,000). CONCLUSIONS: The body of literature on neurodegenerative disorders in SSA is large with regard to dementia and HIV-related neurocognitive disorders but limited for other neurodegenerative disorders. Shortcomings include few population-based studies, heterogeneous diagnostic criteria and uneven representation of countries on the continent. There are important knowledge gaps that need urgent action, in order to prepare the sub-continent for the anticipated local surge in neurodegenerative diseases