59 research outputs found
A rare variation of the inferior alveolar artery with potential clinical consequences
Variations of the inferior alveolar artery are seemingly quite rare, especially with
regard to its origin from the maxillary artery. We present an unusual case of an
inferior alveolar artery that originated from the external carotid artery. To the best
of our knowledge, our case is one of only two reports of the inferior alveolar
artery arising from the external carotid artery. The clinician who deals with the
mandibular region should be aware of such a variation in the arterial architecture
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the spermatic cord: a case report and review of the literature
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is a morphologically ill-defined tumour of
the soft tissues and may involve nearly every organ of the body. MFH of the
spermatic cord represents an extremely rare entity and reports of it in the literature
are limited. We report a 69-year-old man found to have a left spermatic
cord MFH and retroperitoneal and mediastinal lymphadenopathy, who was treated
with radical orchiectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. The morphological
findings of the spermatic tumour are presented and the literature is reviewed to
clarify the potential diagnostic/therapeutic approaches and the prognosis related
to spermatic cord MFH
Does a third head of the rectus femoris muscle exist?
Current anatomical texts describe only two tendinous origins of the rectus femoris
muscle. The authors identified one older reference in which a third head of
the rectus femoris muscle was briefly described. In order to confirm the existence
of this head, 48 adult cadavers (96 sides) underwent detailed dissection of
the proximal attachments of the rectus femoris muscle. Of these sides 83%
were found to harbour a recognised third head of the rectus femoris muscle.
This additional head was found to attach deeply to the iliofemoral ligament and
superficially with the tendon of the gluteus minimus muscle as it attached into
the femur. This tendon attached to the anterior aspect of the greater trochanter
in an inferolateral direction compared to the straight head. The mean length
and width of the third head was 2 cm and 4 cm, respectively. The mean thickness
was found to be 3 mm. Most commonly this third head was bilaterally
absent or bilaterally present. However, 4.2% were found only on left sides and
5.2% were found only on right sides. The angle created between the reflected
and third heads was approximately 60 degrees. Two sides (both left sides with
one female and one male specimen) were found to have third heads that were
bilaminar. These bilaminar third heads had a distinct layer attaching to the underlying
iliofemoral ligament and a superficial layer blending with the gluteus
minimus tendon to insert onto the greater trochanter. Although the function of
such an attachment is speculative, the clinician may wish to consider this structure
in the interpretation of imaging or in surgical procedures in this region, as
in our study it was present on the majority of sides
The effect of quince leaf (Cydonia oblonga miller) decoction on testes in hypercholesterolemic rabbits: A pilot study
Current medical literature lacks any evidence of the protective effects of quince leaf on testes. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the effect of quince (Cydonia oblonga Miller) leaf decoction on testicular injury and impaired spermatogenesis induced by hypercholesterolemia in rabbits. Eleven mature New Zealand white male rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: group 1 (hypercholesterolemia, n=3), group 2 (hypercholesterolemia plus quince treatment, n=6), and group 3 (control, n=2). Groups 1 and 2 received a cholesterol-enriched diet for six weeks. Group 2 received C. oblongaleaf decoction as drinking supplement as well. After six weeks, a normal diet was substituted in groups 1 and 2 for another six weeks. Group 3 (control group) was maintained throughout the study on a regular diet. At the end of the 12th week, the left testes of the animals were resected for light microscopic study with particular attention to the maturity of germ cells in seminiferous tubules using Johnsen’s score. Increase in intertubular connective tissue and diameter of vessels, abundant spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes along the reduced germinal epithelium were noted in all rabbits of the group 1. The remaining animals in groups 2 and 3 had no significant changes in their testicular sections. The mean Johnsen’s score of group 1 (4.20±1.92) was significantly lower than that of group 2 (7.33±0.52) and group 3 (7.05±0.07). (P=0.01). Inconclusion, quince leaf decoction (C. oblonga Miller) protected rabbit testes and spermatogenesis from damage induced by hypercholesterolemia
Sleep paralysis in medieval Persia – the Hidayat of Akhawayni (? –983 AD)
Samad EJ Golzari,1 Kazem Khodadoust,5 Farid Alakbarli,6 Kamyar Ghabili,2 Ziba Islambulchilar,3 Mohammadali M Shoja,1 Majid Khalili,1 Feridoon Abbasnejad,1 Niloufar Sheikholeslamzadeh,7 Nasrollah Moghaddam Shahabi,4 Seyed Fazel Hosseini,2 Khalil Ansarin11Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; 2Medical Philosophy and History Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; 3Department of Pharmaceutics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; 4Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 5Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; 6Institute of Manuscripts of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan; 7Faculty of Law, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranAbstract: Among the first three manuscripts written in Persian, Akhawayni's Hidayat al-muta`allemin fi al-tibb was the most significant work compiled in the 10th century. Along with the hundreds of chapters on hygiene, anatomy, physiology, symptoms and treatments of the diseases of various organs, there is a chapter on sleep paralysis (night-mare) prior to description and treatment of epilepsy. The present article is a review of the Akhawayni's teachings on sleep paralysis and of descriptions and treatments of sleep paralysis by the Greek, medieval, and Renaissance scholars. Akhawayni's descriptions along with other early writings provide insight into sleep paralysis during the Middle Ages in general and in Persia in particular.Keywords: sleep paralysis, night-mare, Akhawayni, Persi
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