Los ayuntamientos y la promoción de la accesibilidad arquitetónica

Background: Architectural barriers have a significant impact on the daily activities of people with reduced mobility. Objectives: To understand the weaknesses and/or opportunities in the responses of local authorities to eliminate the architectural barriers for people with reduced mobility in their social and residential context. Methodology: A descriptive, exploratory study was conducted with a sample of 21 parish council presidents from two municipalities using an accidental non-probabilistic sampling method. Results: In this sample, 76.2% of parish council presidents do not know how many people with disabilities live in their parish. The elimination of architectural barriers focused on accessible sidewalks and pedestrian routes (80%), pedestrian crossings (75%), access to public parks and gardens (70%), and access to cemeteries and markets (70%). Other equipment, even educational ones, represent less than 50%. Conclusion: Some public spaces still have architectural barriers. There is little cooperation between health professionals and society to promote accessibility.Enquadramento: As barreiras arquitetónicas assumem um peso importante na prossecução das atividades de vida diária para pessoas com mobilidade condicionada. Objetivos: Compreender as fragilidades e/ou potencialidades das respostas das autarquias locais para abolir barreiras arquitetónicas para pessoas com mobilidade condicionada quando inseridas no seu contexto social e habitacional. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, exploratório, com uma amostra de 21 presidentes de junta de dois municípios, a partir de uma amostragem não probabilística acidental. Resultados: Da amostra, 76,2% presidentes de junta não sabem quantas pessoas com deficiência vivem na sua freguesia. A eliminação de barreiras arquitetónicas incidiu sobre passeios e percursos pedonais acessíveis (80%), passadeiras (75%), acesso a parques e jardins públicos (70%) e a cemitérios e mercado (70%). Os restantes equipamentos, mesmo os educacionais, têm representações abaixo de 50%. Conclusão: Subsistem espaços de uso público com barreiras arquitetónicas. Existe pouca articulação entre profissionais de saúde e a sociedade para a promoção da acessibilidade.Marco contextual: Las barreras arquitectónicas asumen un peso importante en la realización de las actividades de la vida diaria de las personas con movilidad reducida. Objetivos: Comprender las fragilidades y/o potencialidades de las respuestas de los ayuntamientos locales para abolir barreras arquitectónicas para personas con movilidad condicionada cuando se encuentran en su contexto social y habitacional. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, con una muestra de 21 presidentes de junta de dos municipios, a partir de un muestreo no probabilístico accidental. Resultados: De la muestra, el 76,2% de los presidentes de junta no sabe cuántas personas con discapacidad viven en su barrio. La eliminación de barreras arquitectónicas incidió sobre paseos y zonas peatonales accesibles (80%), pasos de peatones (75%), acceso a parques y jardines públicos (70%) y a cementerios y mercados (70%). Los restantes equipamientos, incluso los educacionales, tienen representaciones por debajo del 50%. Conclusión: Subsisten espacios de uso público con barreras arquitectónicas. Hay poca articulación entre los profesionales de la salud y la sociedad para promover la accesibilidad.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Construcción y validación de un programa de enfermería de rehabilitación para ancianos frágiles

Objective: To build a rehabilitation nursing program to be implemented in the homes of frail elderly people and validate it by rehabilitation nurses. Methods: This is a qualitative, exploratory study, divided into two stages. The first corresponded to an integrative literature review that supported the construction of the program. The second consisted of the program content validity stage, through a focus group, in May 2021. Results: Nine experts participated in the construction and content validation of the rehabilitation nursing program for frail elderly. Two focus groups were carried out, and the final version of the program included training in life activities and particularly self-care, strength, balance, coordination and joint mobility. Final considerations: The program reached content validity, with a minimum set of characteristics that it must integrate, now requiring application in Primary Health Care for clinical validationObjetivo: Construir um programa de enfermagem de reabilitação para ser implementado no domicílio dos idosos fragilizados e validá-lo por enfermeiros de reabilitação. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, exploratório, dividido em duas etapas. A primeira correspondeu a uma revisão integrativa da literatura que sustentou a construção do programa. A segunda consistiu na etapa de validade de conteúdo do programa, por meio de grupo focal, em maio de 2021. Resultados: Nove peritos participaram da construção e validação do conteúdo do programa de enfermagem de reabilitação para idosos fragilizados. Foram realizados dois grupos focais, e a versão final do programa integrou treino de atividades de vida e particularmente autocuidado, força, equilíbrio, coordenação e mobilidade articular. Considerações finais: O programa alcançou a validade de conteúdo, com um conjunto mínimo de características que deve integrar, necessitando agora de aplicação na Atenção Primária à Saúde para validação clínica.Objetivo: Construir un programa de enfermería de rehabilitación para ser implementado en el domicilio de los ancianos frágiles y validarlo por enfermeros de rehabilitación. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, exploratorio, dividido en dos etapas. La primera correspondió a una revisión integrativa de la literatura que sustentó la construcción del programa. La segunda consistió en la etapa de validez de contenido del programa, por medio de grupo focal, en mayo de 2021. Resultados: Nueve peritos participaron de la construcción y validez del contenido del programa de enfermería de rehabilitación para ancianos frágiles. Fueron realizados dos grupos focales, y la versión final del programa integró entrenamiento de actividades de vida y particularmente autocuidado, fuerza, equilibrio, coordinación y movilidad articular. Consideraciones finales: El programa alcanzó la validez de contenido, con un conjunto mínimo de características que debe integrar, necesitando ahora de aplicación en la Atención Primaria de Salud para validación clínica.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Prevalence and factors associated with polypharmacy in the older people: 2006-2014

To analyse the prevalence, risk factors and evolution over time of polypharmacy and self-medication in the older people in Spain from 2006-2014.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Factores relacionados con la fragilidad multidimensional en personas mayores

Objective: to analyze the sociodemographic and health factors related to multidimensional frailty in elderly people living at home. Method: descriptive, exploratory and cross-sectional study, which evaluated 300 elderly enrolled in a Health Unit in the Northern Region of Portugal. The sociodemographic and health conditions of the old people were analyzed, with application of the Tilburg Frailty Index, Falls Efficacy Scale International – 7 items, Barthel Index and Lawton and Brody Scale. Results: in the elderly in the study, with a mean age of 81.34±6.75 years, frailty was identified in 60.33%. The related factors were: gender, marital status, self-perceived health, pathological history, severe disease in the last year, polymedication, falls, fear of falling and higher level of dependence. Conclusion: multidimensional frailty of the elderly living at home is a prevalent condition. When predictor factors in primary health care are analyzed early, it is possible to intervene in order to delay this syndrome.Objetivo: analisar os fatores sociodemográficos e de saúde relacionados com a fragilidade multidimensional em idosos que vivem no domicílio. Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório e transversal, que avaliou 300 idosos inscritos numa Unidade de Saúde da Região Norte de Portugal. Foram analisadas as condições sociodemográficas e de saúde das pessoas idosas, com aplicação do Índice de Fragilidade de Tilburg, Falls Efficacy Scale International – 7 itens, Índice de Barthel e Escala Lawton & Brody. Resultados: nos idosos do estudo, com idade média de 81,34±6,75 anos, a fragilidade foi identificada em 60,33%. Os fatores relacionados foram: género, estado civil, autopercepção de saúde, antecedentes patológicos, doença grave no último ano, polimedicação, quedas, medo de cair e maior nível de dependência. Conclusão: a fragilidade multidimensional dos idosos que vivem no domicílio é uma condição prevalente. Quando analisados precocemente os fatores preditores na atenção primária à saúde, é possível intervir de forma a retardar essa síndrome.Objetivo: analizar los factores sociodemográficos y de salud relacionados con la fragilidad multidimensional en personas mayores que viven en el hogar. Método: estudio descriptivo, exploratorio y transversal, que evaluó a 300 ancianos matriculados en una Unidad de Salud de la Región Norte de Portugal. Se analizaron las condiciones sociodemográficas y de salud de los ancianos, con aplicación del Tilburg Frailty Index, Falls Efficacy Scale International – 7 items, Barthel Index y Lawton and Brody Scale. Resultados: en los ancianos del estudio, con una edad media de 81,34±6,75 años, se identificó fragilidad en el 60,33%. Los factores relacionados fueron: género, estado civil, salud autopercibida, antecedentes patológicos, enfermedad grave en el último año, polimedicación, caídas, miedo a caerse y mayor nivel de dependencia. Conclusión: la fragilidad multidimensional de los ancianos que viven en el hogar es una condición prevalente. Cuando los factores predictores en la atención primaria de salud se analizan temprano, es posible intervenir para retrasar este síndrome.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Adaptation and Validation of the Individual Lifestyle Profile Scale of Portuguese Older Adults Living at Home

Abstract: (1) Background: Unadjusted lifestyles have been the main cause of risk for the loss of years of healthy life. However, currently valid and reliable instruments to assess the lifestyles of the elderly are quite long and difficult to interpret. For this reason, the objective of this study was to adapt and validate the ‘Individual Lifestyle Profile’ (ILP) scale in a sample of elderly people; (2) Methods: A methodological study was carried out and a sample of 300 older adults enrolled in a Health Unit located in the North of Portugal was used, who responded to the scale. We examined internal consistency, predictive validity, and discriminative ability; (3) Results: After the Exploratory Factorial analysis, a solution was found with four factors that explain a variance of 67.8%. The designation of the factors was changed from the original scale, with the exception of one dimension, and they were called Health Self-management, Social Participation and Group Interaction, Citizenship and Physical Activity. The total internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) was 0.858, ranging from 0.666 to 0.860 in the mentioned factors; (4) Conclusions: The ILP scale proved to be easy to apply and presented a good reliability and validity index, based on internal consistency, AFE and AFC. The scale allows evaluating the lifestyle of older adults, and its use will be aimed at modifying behaviors associated with negative lifestyles of older adults and their individual needs.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Emergent Gauge Fields in Holographic Superconductors

Holographic superconductors have been studied so far in the absence of dynamical electromagnetic fields, namely in the limit in which they coincide with holographic superfluids. It is possible, however, to introduce dynamical gauge fields if a Neumann-type boundary condition is imposed on the AdS-boundary. In 3+1 dimensions, the dual theory is a 2+1 dimensional CFT whose spectrum contains a massless gauge field, signaling the emergence of a gauge symmetry. We study the impact of a dynamical gauge field in vortex configurations where it is known to significantly affect the energetics and phase transitions. We calculate the critical magnetic fields H_c1 and H_c2, obtaining that holographic superconductors are of Type II (H_c1 < H_c2). We extend the study to 4+1 dimensions where the gauge field does not appear as an emergent phenomena, but can be introduced, by a proper renormalization, as an external dynamical field. We also compare our predictions with those arising from a Ginzburg-Landau theory and identify the generic properties of Abrikosov vortices in holographic models.Comment: 19 pages, 14 figures, few comments added, version published in JHE

Effect of the Active Aging-in-Place–Rehabilitation Nursing Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract: (1) Background: It is of great importance to promote functional capacity and positive lifestyles, since they contribute to preventing the progression of frailty among the older adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of active aging-in-place–rehabilitation nursing program (AAP-RNP) on the functional capacity and lifestyles of frail older adults. (2) Methods: This was a single-blinded, two-group, randomized, controlled trial of 30 frail older people enrolled at a Health-care unit in Portugal between 2021 and 2022. The duration of the program was 12 weeks, and the sessions took place at the participants’ homes. We used as instruments the Tilburg Frailty Indicator; Fried frailty phenotype; Senior Fitness Test battery; Barthel Index; Lawton Index; handgrip strength measurement; Tinetti Index; Individual lifestyle profile; and Borg’s perception of effort. (3) Results: Post-program, there was an improvement in multidimensional and physical frailty, functional capacity, balance, and perceived exertion (p < 0.05) in the experimental group. Among the older adults’ lifestyles, we observed significant improvements in physical activity habits, relational behavior, and stress management. (4) Conclusions: Rehabilitation nurses have a relevant role, and the AAP-RNP seems to be effective in improving functional capacity and lifestyles in frail older adults.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio