40 research outputs found
Gene x dietary pattern interactions in obesity: analysis of up to 68 317 adults of European ancestry
Bacterial Communities Involved in Soil Formation and PlantEstablishment Triggered by Pyrite Bioweathering on ArcticMoraines
Abstract In arctic glacier moraines, bioweathering primed
by microbial iron oxidizers creates fertility gradients that
accelerate soil development and plant establishment. With
the aim of investigating the change of bacterial diversity in
a pyrite-weathered gradient, we analyzed the composition
of the bacterial communities involved in the process by
sequencing 16S rRNA gene libraries from different biological
soil crusts (BSC). Bacterial communities in three BSC
of different morphology, located within 1 m distance
downstream a pyritic conglomerate rock, were significantly
diverse. The glacier moraine surrounding the weathered site
showed wide phylogenetic diversity and high evenness with
15 represented bacterial classes, dominated by Alphaproteobacteria
and pioneer Cyanobacteria colonizers. The bioweathered
area showed the lowest diversity indexes and only nine
bacterial families, largely dominated by Acidobacteriaceae
and Acetobacteraceae typical of acidic environments, in
accordance with the low pH of the BSC. In the weathered
BSC, iron-oxidizing bacteria were cultivated, with counts
decreasing along with the increase of distance from the rock,
and nutrient release from the rock was revealed by
environmental scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive
X-ray analyses. The vegetated area showed the presence
of Actinomycetales, Verrucomicrobiales, Gemmatimonadales,
Burkholderiales, and Rhizobiales, denoting a bacterial
community typical of developed soils and indicating that the
lithoid substrate of the bare moraine was here subjected to an
accelerated colonization, driven by iron-oxidizing activity
CNV-association meta-analysis in 191,161 European adults reveals new loci associated with anthropometric traits
There are few examples of robust associations between rare copy number variants (CNVs) and complex continuous human traits. Here we present a large-scale CNV association meta-analysis on anthropometric traits in up to 191,161 adult samples from 26 cohorts. The study reveals five CNV associations at 1q21.1, 3q29, 7q11.23, 11p14.2, and 18q21.32 and confirms two known loci at 16p11.2 and 22q11.21, implicating at least one anthropometric trait. The discovered CNVs are recurrent and rare (0.01-0.2%), with large effects on height (> 2.4 cm), weight ( 5 kg), and body mass index (BMI) (> 3.5 kg/m(2)). Burden analysis shows a 0.41 cm decrease in height, a 0.003 increase in waist-to-hip ratio and increase in BMI by 0.14 kg/m2 for each Mb of total deletion burden (P = 2.5 x 10(-10), 6.0 x 10(-5), and 2.9 x 10(-3)). Our study provides evidence that the same genes (e.g., MC4R, FIBIN, and FMO5) harbor both common and rare variants affecting body size and that anthropometric traits share genetic loci with developmental and psychiatric disorders
The EPIC-InterAct Study: A Study of the Interplay between Genetic and Lifestyle Behavioral Factors on the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in European Populations
Garcinol prevents hyperhomocysteinemia and enhances bioavailability of L-DOPA by inhibiting catechol-O-methyltransferase: an in silico approach
The first acidobacterial laccase-like multicopper oxidase revealed by metagenomics shows high salt and thermo-tolerance
FTO genetic variants, dietary intake and body mass index: insights from 177 330 individuals
FTO is the strongest known genetic susceptibility locus for obesity. Experimental studies in animals suggest the potential roles of FTO in regulating food intake. The interactive relation among FTO variants, dietary intake and body mass index (BMI) is complex and results from previous often small-scale studies in humans are highly inconsistent. We performed large-scale analyses based on data from 177 330 adults (154 439 Whites, 5776 African Americans and 17 115 Asians) from 40 studies to examine: (i) the association between the FTO-rs9939609 variant (or a proxy single-nucleotide polymorphism) and total energy and macronutrient intake and (ii) the interaction between the FTO variant and dietary intake on BM I. The minor allele (A-allele) of the FTO-rs9939609 variant was associated with higher BMI in Whites (effect per allele = 0.34 [0.31, 0.37] kg/m(2), P = 1.9 x 10(-105)), and all participants (0.30 [0.30, 0.35] kg/m(2), P = 3.6 x 10(-107)). The BMI-increasing allele of the FTO variant showed a significant association with higher dietary protein intake (effect per allele = 0.08 [0.06, 0.10] %, P = 2.4 x 10(-16)), and relative weak associations with lower total energy intake (-6.4 [- 10.1, -2.6] kcal/day, P = 0.001) and lower dietary carbohydrate intake (-0.07 [- 0.11, -0.02] %, P = 0.004). The associations with protein (P = 7.5 x 10(-9)) and total energy (P = 0.002) were attenuated but remained significant after adjustment for BMI. We did not find significant interactions between the FTO variant and dietary intake of total energy, protein, carbohydrate or fat on BMI. Our findings suggest a positive association between the BMI-increasing allele of FTO variant and higher dietary protein intake and offer insight into potential link between FTO, dietary protein intake and adiposity