Multifractal characterization of pore size distributions measured by mercury intrusion porosimetry

The aim of this work was to assess the multifractal characteristics of pore size distributions measured by mercury injection porosimetry (MIP). Two pairs of soil samples were collected in plots with different topographic position and soil use, with each pair differentiated by distinct proportion of fine particles and organic matter contents. Macropore volume was higher on samples with higher clay and organic matter content. Mass exponent function, singularity spectra and generalized dimension spectra showed that multifractal distribution was a suitable model for mercury injection curves. Multifractal parameters extracted from singularity spectra and generalized dimension spectra reflected the main characteristics of the pore size distributions (PSDs). Therefore, it was concluded that multifractal analysis is useful for distinguishing between different patterns of pore size distributions obtained by Hg injection

Challenges of viticulture adaptation to global change: tackling the issue from the roots

Viticulture is facing emerging challenges not only because of the effect of climate change on yield and composition of grapes, but also of a social demand for environmental‐friendly agricultural management. Adaptation to these challenges is essential to guarantee the sustainability of viticulture. The aim of this review is to present adaptation possibilities from the soil‐hidden, and often disregarded, part of the grapevine, the roots. The complexity of soil–root interactions makes necessary a comprehensive approach taking into account physiology, pathology and genetics, in order to outline strategies to improve viticulture adaptation to current and future threats. Rootstocks are the link between soil and scion in grafted crops, and they have played an essential role in viticulture since the introduction of phylloxera into Europe at the end of the 19th century. This review outlines current and future challenges that are threatening the sustainability of the wine sector and the relevant role that rootstocks can play to face these threats. We describe how rootstocks along with soil management can be exploited as an essential tool to deal with the effects of climate change and of emerging soil‐borne pests and pathogens. Moreover, we discuss the possibilities and limitations of diverse genetic strategies for rootstock breeding.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effects of deficit irrigation with saline water on yield and grape composition of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Monastrell

[EN] Warm and semi-arid climates are characterized by rainfall scarcity, resulting in the frequent use of low-quality water for irrigation. This work was undertaken to study the effects of water stress and saline irrigation on yield and grape composition of Monastrell grapevines grafted onto 1103P rootstock. The experiment was carried out during three consecutive seasons in a commercial vineyard located in Jumilla (SE Spain) with a loamy-sandy soil. Rainfed vines were compared with five watering regimes including a Control, irrigated with standard water, and four treatments that combined two different schedules for irrigation initiation (pre- and post-veraison) with saline water obtained by adding two types of salts (sulphates and chlorides). Vines from treatments with more severe water stress (i.e., rainfed) showed lower yields and vegetative growth. Moreover, the Rainfed treatment clearly modified grape composition when compared with the Control treatment by increasing berry phenolic content. The application of saline water slightly affected vine performance and grape composition regardless of the type of salts added to the irrigation water. Indeed, the watering regime had a greater effect on yield, vegetative growth and grape composition than the use of different saline waters. Our results suggest that, in the mid-term (3 years), and with a vineyard soil with good drainage, the use of saline waters is not detrimental to vine performance, but does not improve grape composition. Further research is required to assess the long-term effects of saline water application, particularly in view of the important accumulation of chlorides and sodium in leaf tissues observed in vines watered with salty water at the last season of this experiment.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUECSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness with FEDER co-financing [grant numbers AGL-2014-54201-C4-4-R and AGL2017-83738-C3-3-R].Martínez-Moreno, A.; Pérez-Álvarez, E.; Intrigliolo, D.; Mirás-Avalos, J.; López-Urrea, R.; Gil-Muñoz, R.; Lizama Abad, V.... (2023). Effects of deficit irrigation with saline water on yield and grape composition of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Monastrell. Irrigation Science. 41(4):469-485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-022-00795-x469485414Allen RG, Pereira LS, Raes D, Smith M (1998) Crop evapotranspiration. Guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO irrigation and drainage, paper 56. FAO, Rome 300(9):D05109Amerine MA, Winkler AJ (1944) Composition and quality of musts and wines of California grapes. Hilgardia. 15:493–675Blouin J (1992) Tecniques d´analyses des moûtes et des vins. Dujardin-Salleron, Paris, FranceBuesa I, Pérez D, Castel J, Intrigliolo DS, Castel JR (2017) Effect of deficit irrigation on vine performance and grape composition of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Muscat of Alexandria. Aust J Grape Wine Res. 23:251–259Castellarin SD, Pfeiffer A, Sivilotti P, Degan M, Peterlunger E, Di Gaspero G (2007) Transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in ripening fruits of grapevine under seasonal water deficit. Plant Cell Environ. 30:1381–1399Chalmers YM, Downey MO, Krstic MP, Loveys BR, Dry PR (2010) Influence of sustained deficit Irrigation on colour parameters of Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz microscale wine fermentations. Aust J Grape Wine Res. 16:298–316Chaves MM, Flexas J, Pinheiro C (2009) Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell. Ann Bot. 103:551–560Choné X, Van Leeuwen C, Dubourdieu D, Gaudillère JP (2001) Stem water potential is a sensitive indicator of grapevine water status. Ann Bot. 87:477–483Cramer GR, Ergui A, Grimplet J, Tillett RL, Tattersall EAR, Bohlman MC (2007) Water and salinity stress in grapevines: early and late changes in transcript and metabolite profiles. Funct Integr Genomics. 7:111–134Dag A, Ben-Gal A, Goldberger S, Yermiyahu U, Zipori I, David I, Netzer Y, Kerem Z (2015) Sodium and chloride distribution in grapevines as a function of rootstock and irrigation water salinity. Am J Enol Vitic. 66:80–84Degaris KA, Walker RR, Loveys BR, Tyerman SD (2016) Comparative effects of deficit and partial root-zone drying irrigation techniques using moderately saline water on ion partitioning in Shiraz and Grenache grapevines. Aust J Grape Wine Res. 22:296–306Deluc LG, Quilici DR, Decendit A, Grimplet J, Wheatley MD, Schlauch KA (2009) Water deficit alters differentially metabolic pathways affecting important flavor and quality traits in grape berries of Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay. BMC Genomics. 10:212–238Downey MO, Dokoozlian NK, Krstic MP (2006) Cultural practice and environmental impacts on the flavonoid composition of grapes and wine: a review of recent research. Am J Enol Vitic. 57:257–268Downton WJS (1977) Photosynthesis in salt-stressed grapevines. Aust J Plant Physiol 4(2):183–192Ezzhaouani A, Valancogne C, Pieri P, Amalak T, Gaudillère JP (2007) Water economy by Italia grapevines under different irrigation treatments in a Mediterranean climate. J Int Sci Vigne et du Vin. 41:131–139Fernández JE, Alcon F, Diaz-Espejo A, Hernandez-Santana V, Cuevas MV (2020) Water use indicators and economic analysis for on-farm irrigation decision: a casestudy of a super high density olive tree orchard. Agric Water Manag. 237:106074Gambetta GA, Carlos Herrera J, Dayer S, Feng Q, Hochberg U, Castellarin SD (2020) The physiology of drought stress in grapevine: towards an integrative definition of drought tolerance. J Exp Bot. 71:4658–4676Glories Y (1984) La couleur des vins rouges. 1re. Partie: les equilibres des anthocyanes et des tanins. J Int Sci Vigne et du Vin. 18:195–217Hawker JS, Walker RR (1978) The effect of sodium chloride on the growth and fruiting of Cabernet Sauvignon vines. Am J Enol Vitic. 29:172–176Intrigliolo DS, Castel JR (2011) Interactive effects of deficit irrigation and shoot and cluster thinning on grapevine cv. Tempranillo. Water relations, vine performance and berry and wine composition. Irrig Sci 29(6):443–454Intrigliolo DS, Lizama V, García-Esparza MJ, Abrisqueta I, Álvarez I (2016) Effects of post-versions irrigation regime on cabernet sauvignon Grapevines in Valencia, Spain: yield and grape composition. Agric Water Manag. 170:110–119IPCC (International Panel on Climate Change). (2019) Climate Change 2019: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. http://ipcc‐wg2.gov/AR5/report/final‐drafts. Accessed 11 Sept 2021Junquera P, Lissarrague JR, Jimenez L, Linares R, Baeza P (2012) Long-term effects of different irrigation strategies on yield components, vine vigour, and grape composition in cv. Cabernet-Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.). Irrig Sci. 30:351–361Keller M (2015) The science of grapevines, anatomy and physiology. Second edition. Ed. Elsevier, San Diego, CAKennedy JA, Matthews MA, Waterhouse AL (2002) Effect of maturity and vine water status on grape skin and wine flavonoids. Am J Enol Vitic. 53:268–274Kliewer WM, Dokoozlian NK (2005) Leaf area/crop weight ratios of grapevines: influence on fruit composition and wine quality. Am J Enol Vitic. 56(2):170–181López-Urrea R, Montoro A, Mañas F, López-Fuster P, Fereres E (2012) Evapotranspiration and crop coefficients from lysimeter measurements of mature Tempranillo wine grapes. Agric Water Manag. 112:13–20Maas EV, Hoffman GJ (1977) Crop salt tolerance-current assessment. J Irrig Drain Div 103:115–134Martínez-Moreno A, Pérez-Álvarez EP, López-Urrea R, Paladines-Quezada DF, Moreno-Olivares JD, Intrigliolo DS, Gil-Muñoz R (2021) Effects of deficit irrigation with saline water on wine color and polyphenoliccomposition of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Monastrell. Sci Hortic 283:110085Martínez-Moreno A, Pérez-Álvarez E, López-Urrea R, Intrigliolo D, González-Centeno MR, Teissedre P-L, Gil-Muñoz R (2022) Is deficit irrigation with saline waters a viable alternative for winegrowers in semiarid areas? OENO One 56(1):101–116Matthews MA, Anderson MM (1989) Reproductive development in grape (Vitis vinifera L.): responses to seasonal water deficits. Am J Enol Vitic. 40:52–60Medrano H, Tomás M, Martorell S, Escalona JM, Pou A, Fuentes S, Flexas J, Bota J (2015) Improving water use efficiency of vineyards in semi-arid regions a review. Agron Sustain Dev 35:499–517Mirás-Avalos JM, Intrigliolo DS (2017) Grape composition under abiotic constrains: water stress and salinity. Front Plant Sci. 8:851Munitz S, Netzer Y, Schwartz A (2018) Sustained and regulated deficit irrigation of field-grown Merlot grapevines. Aust J Grape Wine Res. 23:87–94Myers BJ (1988) Water stress integral: a link between short-term stress and long-term growth. Tree Physiol. 4:315–323Nauriyal JP, Gupta OP (1967) Studies on salt tolerance of grape. Effect of total salt concentration. J Wine Res. 4:197–205Netzer Y, Shenker M, Schwartz A (2014) Effects of irrigation using treated wastewater on table grape vineyards: dynamics of sodium accumulation in soil and plant. Irrig Sci. 32:283–294Ojeda H, Andary C, Kraeva E, Carbonnea A, Deloire A (2002) Influence of preand postveraison water deficit on synthesis and concentration of skin phenolic compounds during berry growth of Vitis vinifera cv. Shiraz. Am J Enol Vitic. 53:261–267Ortega JF, De Juan JA, Tarjuelo JM (2005) Improving water management: the irrigation advisory service of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). Agric Water Manag. 77:37–58Pellegrino A, Lebon E, Simonneau T, Wery J (2005) Towards a simple indicator of water stress in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) based on the differential sensitivities of vegetative growth components. Aust J Grape Wine Res. 11:306–315Pereira LS, Paredes P, Jovanovic N (2020) Soil water balance models for determining crop water and irrigation requirements and irrigation scheduling focusing on the FAO56 method and the dual Kc approach. Agric Water Manag. 241:106357Pérez-Álvarez EP, Intrigliolo DS, Vivaldi GA, García-Esparza MJ, Lizama V, Álvarez I (2021) Effects of the irrigation regimes on grapevine cv. Bobal in a Mediterranean climate: I. Water relations, vine performance and grape composition. Agric Water Manag 248:106772Prior LD, Grieve AM, Slavich PG, Cullis BR (1992) Sodium chloride and soil texture interactions in irrigated field grown sultana grapevines. II. Plant mineral content, growth and physiology. Aust J Agric Res. 43:1067–1083Ramos MC, Pérez-Álvarez EP, Peregrina F, Martínez de Toda F (2020) Relationships between grape composition of Tempranillo variety and available soil water and water stress under different weather conditions. Sci Hortic. 262:109063Riquelme F, Martínez-Cutillas A (2018) El libro de la Monastrell. Cofradía del Vino Reino de la Monastrell. Consejería de Agua, Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca. Murcia. ISBN: 978-84-09-06249-2.Roby G, Harbertson JF, Adams DA, Matthews MA (2004) Berry size and vine water deficits as factors in winegrape composition: anthocyanins and tannins. Aust J Grape Wine Res. 10:100–107Romero P, Fernández-Fernández JI, Martínez-Cutillas A (2010) Physiological thresholds for efficient regulated deficit-irrigation management inwinegrapes grown under semiarid conditions. Am J Enol Vitic. 61:300–312Romero P, Gil-Muñoz R, del Amor FM, Valdés E, Fernández JI, Martinez-Cutillas A (2013) Regulated deficit irrigation based upon optimum water status improves phenolic composition in monastrell grapes and wines. Agric Water Manag. 121:85–101Romero P, García-García J, Fernández-Fernández JI, Gil Muñoz R, del Amor F, Martínez-Cutillas A (2016) Improving berry and wine quality attributes and vineyard economic efficiency by long-term deficit irrigation practices under semiarid conditions. Sci Hortic. 203:69–85Romero P, Botía P, Maria Navarro J (2018) Selecting rootstocks to improve vine performance and vineyard sustainability in deficit irrigated Monastrell grapevines under semiarid conditions. Agric Water Manag. 209:73–93Santesteban LG, Miranda C, Royo JB (2011) Regulated deficit irrigation effects on growth, yield, grape quality and individual anthocyanin composition in Vitis vinifera L. cv. “Tempranillo.” Agric Water Manag. 98:1171–1179Sarneckis CJ, Dambergs RG, Jones P, Mercurio M, Herderich MJ, Smith PA (2006) Quantification of condensed tannins by precipitation with methylcellulose: development and validation of an optimised tool for grape and wine analysis. Aust J Grape Wine Res. 12:39–49Scacco A, Verzera A, Carmela M, Lanza A, Tripodi G, Dima G (2010) Influence of soil salinity on sensory characteristics and volatile aroma compounds of Nero d`Avola Wine. Am J Enol Vitic. 65:498–505Suarez DL, Celis N, Anderson RG, Sandhu D (2019) Grape rootstock response to salinity, water and combined salinity and water stresses. Agron. 9:321Van Leeuwen C, Tregoat O, Choné X, Bois B, Pernet D, Gaudillère JP (2009) Vine water status is a key factor in grape ripening and vintage quality for red Bordeaux wine. How can it be assessed for vineyard management purposes. J Int Sci Vigne du Vin. 43:121–134Vicente-Serrano SM, Lopez-Moreno JI, Beguería S, Lorenzo-Lacruz J, Sanchez-Lorenzo A, García-Ruiz JM, Azorin-Molina C, Morán-Tejeda E, Revuelto J, Trigo R, Coelho F, Espejo F (2014) Evidence of increasing drought severity caused by temperature rise in Southern Europe. Environ Res Lett 9:044001Walker RR, Scott NS, Kriedemann PE (1981) An analysis of photosynthetic response to salt treatment in Vitis vinifera. Aust J Plant Physiol. 8:359–374Walker R, Blackmore D, Clingeleffer P, Iacono F (1997) Effect of salinity and ramsey rootstock on ion concentrations and carbon dioxide assimilation in leaves of drip-irrigated, field-grown grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sultana). Aust J Grape Wine Res 3(2):66–74Walker RR, Blackmore DH, Clingeleffer PR, Correll RL (2002) Rootstock effect on salt tolerance of irrigated field-grown grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sultana). Yield and vigour inter-relationships. Aust J Grape Wine Res. 8:3–14Walker RR, Blackmore DH, Clingeleffer PR (2010) Impact of rootstock on yield and ion concentrations in petioles, juice and wine of Shiraz and Chardonnay in different viticultural environments with different irrigation water salinity. Aust J Grape Wine Res 16:243–257Zhang X, Walker RR, Stevens RM, Prior L (2002) Yield salinity relationships of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) on own roots and a range of rootstocks. Aust J Grape Wine Res. 8:150–156Zhu JK (2007) Plant Salt, Stress. John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Nueva Jersey. EEUUZufferey V, Spring JL, Verdenal T, Dienes A, Belcher S, Lorenzini F, Koestel C, Rösti J, Gindro K, Spangenberg J, Viret O (2017) The influence of water stress on plant hydraulics, gas exchange, berry composition and quality of pinot noir wines in Switzerland. OENO One. 51:17–2

Decision support system for selecting the rootstock, irrigation regime and nitrogen fertilization in winemaking vineyards: WANUGRAPE4.0

We aim to develop and transfer to the wine sector a decision support system (DSS) in the frame of WANEGRAPE4.0 project that, integrated into a geographic information system, helps wine growers in i) selecting the most suitable rootstock given some agroecological conditions and oenological objectives; and ii) managing irrigation and nitrogen fertilization in the most suitable way for the selected rootstock and agroecological conditions. The following goals have been achieved. First, the modular structure and information flow of the DSS has been defined. Second, the main algorithms of the water balance module (DSS core part) have been formulated and the module coded in a spreadsheet. Third, this water balance module has been tested with data from field experiments in several regions of Spain. Fourth, the relationships between grapevine water status and production and harvest quality variables have been established, revealing an always-significant effects of the decrease in water stress on vegetative development, yield, and grape composition. Fifth, the nitrogen fertilizer effects on vine performance has been assessed. Sixth, the effects rootstocks have on 5 parameters of vine production and grape quality for winemaking have been established too by doing another meta-analysis of rootstock trials. Seventh, a rootstock selection module has been defined. The WANUGRAPE4.0 project goes on with the integration of all its modules, their coding in a World Wide Web language and their publication on an Internet portal