DOKTOR APOLINARY TARNAWSKI (1851. – 1943.) – PIONIR PRIRODNE MEDICINE I FIZIOTERAPIJE GERIJATRIJSKIH PACIJENATA U POLJSKOJ

Doctor Apolinary Tarnawski (1851–1943) was undoubtedly the precursor of modern natural medicine, preventive medicine, and geriatric physiotherapy in Poland. Based on the experience gained from foreign scientific travel, own knowledge and experience, he developed an original method that he successfully used in his own clinic in Kosów. His assumptions proved to be timeless, and despite the passage of many years have not lost their relevanceLiječnik Apolinary Tarnawski (1851. – 1943.) nedvojbeno je bio preteča moderne prirodne medicine, preventivne medicine i gerijatrijske fizioterapije u Poljskoj. Na temelju iskustva stečenog na inozemnim znanstvenim putovanjima te vlastita znanja i iskustva razvio je originalnu metodu kojom se uspješno koristio u vlastitoj klinici u Kosówu. Njegove su se pretpostavke pokazale bezvremenima i unatoč protoku mnogih godina nisu izgubile na značenju

Meteorological and biometeorological conditions in the Hornsund area (Spitsbergen) during the warm season

Meteorological and biometeorological conditions during the warm seasons (June-September) of 1979-2008 are described for the Hornsund area, Spitsbergen. The measurements were taken at four sites: at Hornsund, at the Hans Glacier (at its equilibrium line and in the firn section) and at the summit of Fugleberget. The variation of meteorological and biometeorological conditions was analysed in relation to altitude, distance from the sea and the ground type. In warm seasons, the air temperature at Hornsund was 2.2 °C higher on average than at the Hans Glacier (central section) and by 2.8 °C than at the Hans Glacier (firn section) and at Fugleberget. The average wind speed recorded at Hornsund was higher (0.6ms-1) than at the Hans Glacier and lower (0.9ms-1) than at Fugleberget. Four biometeorological indices were used: wind chill index (WCI), predicted insulation of clothing (Iclp), cooling power (H) and subjective temperature index (STI). The strongest thermal stimuli were observed on the Hans Glacier and in the upper mountain areas. The study has found a considerable degree of spatial variation between the meteorological elements investigated and the biometeorological indices in the Hornsund area. The impact of atmospheric circulation on meteorological elements and biometeorological indices is also presented. The mildest biometeorological conditions of the warm season found at Hornsund were associated with air masses arriving from the southwest and west

Forecasting macroeconomic indicators for selected European Union countries

PURPOSE: The aim of the article is to forecast the level of economic indicators using data collected from the Databases of the Eurostat.DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The data were collected for the period from 2010 to 2022 year for selected European Union countries, Poland, Greece and Germany. Variables used in the publication are, GDP, export of goods and services and final consumption expenditure of households. In the second part of the article the method of forecast was used - ratio analysis for additive model for the indicators used GDP, export of goods and services and final consumption expenditure of households.FINDINGS: The results showed that Poland and Greece still need to be involved in improving the macroeconomic situation of both countries, as there is still a significant difference between the results of the macroeconomic indicators forecast for these two countries compared to Germany.PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Poland and Greece must continue to improve the competitiveness of their economies. The current situation shows that there is a two-speed Union. On the basis of the results obtained, it can be seen that Germany differs significantly from Poland and Greece.ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The study contributes to the discussion on the spatial differentiation of the level of development in the European Union. The results of the research and recommendations may be useful for Poland and Greece in the search for ways to more fully use the potentials of these countries.peer-reviewe

Influence of climatic conditions on growth rings of Salix uva-ursi Pursh from the southeastern shore of Hudson Bay, Subarctic Canada

Over the past decades, warmer air temperature and spatiotemporal changes in the amount andpatterns of precipitation have been observed at high latitudes. Such interannual variability inclimatic conditions has a strong influence on the dynamics of biological processes regulatingterrestrial ecosystems. Dendroclimatology can improve our understanding of the impacts ofclimate change on vegetation. Based on ring width and frost rings of bearberry willow (Salix uva-ursi) individuals sampled on the southeastern shore of Hudson Bay, Nunavik (Subarctic Québec,Canada), we built a reliable 105-year growth chronology. A complex dendroclimatological analy-sis, using the standard approach (mean temperature and precipitation sums), extreme variables,and various climatological indices based on daily data, was conducted in order to preciselydescribe the relationship between annual variations in growth rings and climatic conditions.The growth of Low Arctic willows in the Hudson Bay region is determined by changes in airtemperatures as well as precipitation during the summer. However, temperature increases andreductions in amounts of rainfall may intensify drought stress, which is unfavorable for thisspecies. We found that analysis of daily amounts and intensity of precipitation improved ourunderstanding of the factors conditioning the growth of the studied species in an extremehabitat

On the potential for a bottom active layer below coastal permafrost: the impact of seawater on permafrost degradation imaged by electrical resistivity tomography (Hornsund, SW Spitsbergen)

This paper presents the results of two-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) of permafrost developed in coastal zone of Hornsund, SW Spitsbergen. The measurements were made using the Wenner-Schlumberger electrode array with an electrode spacing 5 m for overview and 1.5 or 1 m spacing for detailed imaging. Using the ERT inversion results, we studied the ‘sea influence’ on deeper parts of the frozen ground. During the investigations we tested hypotheses that the operation of seawater on shoreface may cause changes in the shape of the coastal permafrost base, and that the impact of seawater on more inland permafrost depends on the shape of the shoreline (differently in the embayment, and differently in a headland exposed to the open sea). Our study was inspired by previous ground temperature measurements conducted in several boreholes located in study area which captured the propagation of ground heat waves from the base of permafrost. Our resistivity models indicate a major differentiation in terms of resistivity of permafrost in the coastal zone. The resistivity measures obtained in deeper layers of ground were so low (< 100 Ω·m) that in the ‘warm permafrost’ conditions they exclude a possibility of freezing the coastal sediments and bedrock from the side of the sea. Low values continue further inland, going down under the surface layer of permafrost with higher resistivity. We interpret this situation as an influence of seawater's temperature and salinity on deeper parts of permafrost. Based on the measurements conducted within two years, we stated a change in the distribution of resistivity, both in the active layer, and in coastal front of permafrost in deeper parts of the ground. As observed in the inverse models, the geometric arrangement between the fields of extreme resistivity indicates the existence of a bottom active layer by the permafrost base, depending on thermal and chemical characteristics of seawater. The measurements conducted in the embayment, as well as on the headland exposed to the operation of storm waves, proved strong differences in the scale of the impact of seawater on permafrost

THE USURY CRIME UNDER ART. 304 OF THE PENAL CODE IN THE CONTEXT OF BREACHES OF SAFE TRADE RULES OF ECONOMIC TURNOVER

This paper presents the issues that determine the security of business transactions, whose proper functioning is endangered by so-called usurers. It discusses crimes under Art. 304 § 1–3 of the Penal Code. The offense of usury, regulated in Art. 304 § 1 of the P.C., provides for the criminal liability of persons who, by taking advantage of the compulsory position of another natural person, legal entity, or organizational unit without legal personality, conclude a contract with it, imposing an obligation on it to perform disproportionate to the consideration. Article 304 § 2 and 3 of the P.C. regulate new types of usury, introduced into the legal system by the amendment of May 14, 2020, which penalizes behavior directed against consumers, consisting in demanding excessive interest or non-interest costs for providing a benefit with the obligation to return

Women’s professional activity as an element of human capital management in the aspect of non-formal employment

The aim of the article is an attempt to assess the impact of women’s occupational activity on the tendency to take up informal employment as an element of human capital management. The paper attempts to assess the relationship between the unemployment rate and the employment rate and the share of informal work in GDP. Methodology: The implementation of the objective required the use of statistical methods, in particular, linear regression methods. Results: The publication describes the nature of informal employment, the level of professional activity of women in the selected European Union countries in 2017. Based on statistical data, an attempt was made to assess the impact of professional activity among women on non-formal work based on the linear regression method

Kardiologiczne, niekardiologiczne powikłania i czynniki predykcyjne przedłużonej hospitalizacji u pacjentów bez cukrzycy z zawałem serca leczonych pierwotną przezskórną angioplastyką wieńcową

Introduction. Prolonged patient stay after acute myocardial infarction (MI) results in higher costs. This study evaluated factors prolonging hospitalization after admission due to MI. Complications which also influence on longer hospital stay: both cardiac (CC) and non-cardiac (NCC), were analysed. Material and methods. The authors included prospectively 131 patients with MI undergoing primary percutaneous intervention. Following factors were collected: demographic and anthropomorphic data, types of infarction, 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, standard blood tests including admission blood glucose level, fasting glycaemia, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at discharge as well as renal filtration and lipid parameters. Length of hospital stay of < 6 days or longer, the occurrence of CC and NCC were analysed. Results. The mean age of patients was 62 ± 10.9 years, 71.8% were male. Factors which correlated significantly with longer hospitalisation were: older age (R = 0.47, p = 0.001), higher fasting glycaemia (R = 0.25, p = 0.027), reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (R = –0.36, p = 0.04), occurrence of ST-elevation MI (p = 0.0166), presence of CC (p = 0.0007) and NCC (p = 0.0001). Age, high blood glucose in OGTT and LVEF remained significant in a multivariate model predicting the duration of stay (R2 = 0.32). Factors predicting hospital stay ≥ 6 days in the multivariate model were: older age (p = 0.000), hip circumference (p = 0.014), anterior wall MI (p = 0.026) and usage of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (p = 0.022) with and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC): 0.792 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71–0.87] with specificity 71% and sensitivity 79%. Factors influencing CC occurrence in the multivariate model were: estimated glomerular filtration rate (p = 0.009), LVEF (p = 0.003) with ROC 0.735 (95% CI 0.65–0.82) with specificity 76% and sensitivity 60%. Factors influencing the occurrence of NCC were hyperlipidaemia (p = 0.021), and LVEF (p = 0.004) with an ROC: 0.792 (95% CI 0.71–0.87) with specificity 55% and sensitivity 90%. Conclusions. LVEF, age and blood glucose levels significantly prolonged hospital stay. The major factor associated with an increased risk of both CCs and NCCs was LVEF.Wstęp. Przedłużony czas hospitalizacji po zawale serca (MI) skutkuje dodatkowymi kosztami. W opisanym badaniu oceniono czynniki wydłużające czas hospitalizacji po przyjęciu do szpitala z powodu MI. Do powikłań, które także wpływają na dłuższy okres hospitalizacji, należą zarówno kardiologiczne (CC), jak i niekardiologiczne (NCC); poddano je analizie. Materiał i metody. Prospektywnie zakwalifikowano 131 pacjentów z MI leczonych pierwotną przezskórną angioplastyką. Zebrano następujące dane: demograficzne, antropomorficzne, rodzaj zawału, 12-odprowadzeniowe badanie elektrokardiograficzne, echokardiograficzne, standardowe badania laboratoryjne, włączając oznaczenie glukozy przy przyjęciu, glukozę na czczo, doustny test tolerancji glukozy (OGTT) przy wypisaniu, a także filtrację kłębuszkową oraz parametry lipidowe. Czas hospitalizacji wynosił poniżej 6 dni lub dłużej, natomiast analizie poddano powikłania zarówno CC, jak i NCC. Wyniki. Średni wiek pacjentów wynosił 62 ± 10,9 roku, 71,8% stanowili mężczyźni. Do czynników, które znacząco korelowały z dłuższym czasem hospitalizacji, zaliczono: starszy wiek (R = 0,47; p = 0,001), wyższe stężenie glukozy na czczo (R = 0,25; p = 0,027), obniżoną frakcję wyrzutową lewej komory (LVEF) (R = –0,36; p = 0,04), występowanie zawału serca z uniesieniem odcinka ST (p = 0,0166), obecność powikłań CC (p = 0,0007) i NCC (p = 0,0001). Wiek, wysokie stężenie glukozy w OGTT przy wypisaniu oraz LVEF pozostawały znaczące w wieloczynnikowym modelu służącym przewidywaniu czasu hospitalizacji (R2 = 0,32). Do czynników służących przewidywaniu czasu hospitalizacji ponad 6 dni w modelu wieloczynnikowym należały: starszy wiek (p = 0,000), obwód w biodrach (p = 0,014), przednia ściana MI (p = 0,026), zastosowanie inhibitora glikoprotein IIb/IIIa (p = 0,022) z polem powierzchni pod krzywą (ROC): 0,792 (95-proc. przedział ufności [CI] 0,71–0,87) ze specyficznością 71% i czułością 79%. Czynnikami wpływającymi na występowanie powikłań CC w wieloczynnikowym modelu były szacowany współczynnik filtracji kłębuszkowej (eGFR) (p = 0,009), LVEF (p = 0,003) z ROC 0,735 (95% CI 0,65–0,82) ze specyficznością 76% i czułością 60%. Do czynników wpływających na wystąpienie NCC należały: hiperlipidemia (p = 0,021) i LVEF (p = 0,004) z ROC 0,792 (95% CI 0,71–0,87) ze specyficznością 55% i czułością 90%. Wnioski. Wartość LVEF, wiek oraz stężenie glukozy znacząco przedłużają czas hospitalizacji. Głównym czynnikiem związanym ze zwiększonym ryzykiem wystąpienia zarówno CC, jak i NCC była LVEF

Post-1980s shift in the sensitivity of tundra vegetation to climate revealed by the first dendrochronological record from Bear Island (Bjørnøya), western Barents Sea

Tundra vegetation dynamics are an excellent indicator of Arctic climate change. In many places in the Arctic, greening of tundra has been observed since the 1980s due to rapid increases in temperature. However, in some areas the opposite process has taken place in connection with a reduction in biomass production. The spatial patterns of tundra ‘greening’ and ‘browning’ constitute important issues in the contemporary analysis of polar ecosystems. The aim of our study was to assess recent tundra vegetation dynamics on the basis of changes in annual growth ring widths of the polar willow. Bjørnøya (Bear Island), located in the western part of the Barents Sea is an important site in the transition zone between the high and low Arctic. No dendrochronological studies have been conducted to date due to the island’s isolation, which makes access very difficult. In 2012 and 2016, 43 samples of Salix polaris Wahlenb. were taken from the south-eastern part of Bear Island. An average chronology of the 29 most closely correlated measurement series was then compiled, covering 95 years (1922–2016); however, the time span 1946–2016 was used for the climate-growth analysis. Beginning in the mid-1980s, an increase in the width of annual increments was observed, whereas over the last decade (since 2005) the growth rate has declined rapidly. Simple correlation analyses showed that temperatures in spring and summer had the positive influence on the radial growth of the polar willow; however, the results of the moving correlation analysis made it possible to conclude that this relationship is more complex and time-dependent. Sensitivity of radial growth to temperature was strongest in the years 1955–2005, whereas the decrease in the strength of positive correlation with temperature since 2005 has been accompanied by a significant increase in the importance of summer precipitation