Establishment of in vitro tissue cultures from Echinacea angustifolia D.C. adult plants for the production of phytochemical compounds

SUMMARY The establishment of in vitro cultures of Echinacea angustifolia D.C. was obtained directly from sections of flower stalks of adult plants. The shoot formation was obtained from this plantmaterial placed on a modified MS basal medium named CH supplemented with 0.5 mg L1 6 benzylaminopurine (BA). The in vitro propagation procedure of E. angustifolia consisted of three distinct phases: an initial regeneration phase fromstalk sections (IP shoots on basal mediumwith 0.25 mg L1 BA), an elongation phase on active charcoal and an axillary proliferation of the shoots (AP shoots on basal medium with 0.5 mg L1 BA).Regenerating calli were established from leaves of in vitro shoots cultured on CH medium supplemented with 3 mg L1 BA and 0.5 mg L1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Developed shoots from the callus cultures were subcultured on the CH medium with 0.5 mg L1 BA (leaf regenerated shoots: LR shoots). The secondary metabolite content of the in vitro plant material was compared with that of the greenhouse growing plants. The quali-quantitative LC-DAD-ESI-MS analysis on the extracts from axillary proliferation shoots (AP shoots) showed significant production of caffeic acid derivatives while leaf callus and LR shoots, accumulated mainly alkamides. These results showed that the proper choice of the procedures for in vitro multiplication allowed us to obtain plant biomass able to produce the active compounds typical of E. angustifolia plants

L’efficacia delle mappe concettuali per l’apprendimento: analisi critica di evidenze empiriche

<p>In questo contributo ci si chiede quando e come le mappe concettuali possano facilitare l’apprendimento degli studenti. Per rispondere a questa domanda è stata compiuta una ricerca sui repository in rete più noti attraverso criteri di selezione ispirati alle metodologie dell’Evidence Based Education, considerando le meta-analisi, le critical review e gli studi sperimentali.</p>Il risultato di questa indagine ha portato a individuare il grado generale di efficacia delle mappe concettuali e le condizioni che le rendono più utili per l’apprendimento: il momento in cui è più adeguato introdurre una mappa concettuale, le modalità attraverso cui gli studenti possono utilizzarla e chi, fra insegnante e allievi, dovrebbe costruirla al fine di migliorare l’apprendimento

Ethylene influences in vitro regeneration frequency in the FR13A rice harbouring the SUB1A gene

Many studies have examined the effects of ethylene on in vitro plant growth and development, often with controversial results. Ethylene accumulates in culture vessels due to both the release from the tissues and the physical entrapment due to the need for closed containers. This hormone has several effects on plant regeneration, depending on the plant species and even the cultivar. A prerequisite for ethylene use for in vitro culture is thus to formulate a specific protocol for the genotype of interest. In rice, ethylene is a key regulator of adaptation strategies to low oxygen environments. In particular, the SUBMERGENCE1A (SUB1A) gene, when present, drives the acclimation response which when activated by ethylene produced by submerged plants leads to adaptation through reduced plant growth and ethanolic fermentation enhancement. This gene is restricted to a limited number of rice for which a very specific response to ethylene is expected, whatever the source. This paper reports the regeneration differences between a SUB1A rice landrace (indica-aus, FR13A) and a non-SUB1A variety (japonica, Nipponbare). Our results suggest that regeneration protocols with exogenous ethylene precursors supply are required for the FR13A rice harbouring the SUB1A gene to overcome the problem of low regeneration efficiency

L’efficacia delle mappe concettuali per l’apprendimento: analisi critica di evidenze empiriche

In questo contributo ci si chiede quando e come le mappe concettuali possano facilitare l’apprendimento degli studenti. Per rispondere a questa domanda è stata compiuta una ricerca sui repository in rete più noti attraverso criteri di selezione ispirati alle metodologie dell’Evidence Based Education, considerando le meta-analisi, le critical review e gli studi sperimentali.Il risultato di questa indagine ha portato a individuare il grado generale di efficacia delle mappe concettuali e le condizioni che le rendono più utili per l’apprendimento: il momento in cui è più adeguato introdurre una mappa concettuale, le modalità attraverso cui gli studenti possono utilizzarla e chi, fra insegnante e allievi, dovrebbe costruirla al fine di migliorare l’apprendimento

botrytis cinerea induces local hypoxia in arabidopsis leaves

n/