417 research outputs found
Efficient algorithms for pairing-based cryptosystems
We describe fast new algorithms to implement recent cryptosystems based on the Tate pairing. In particular, our techniques improve pairing evaluation speed by a factor of about 55 compared to previously known methods in characteristic 3, and attain performance comparable
to that of RSA in larger characteristics.We also propose faster algorithms for scalar multiplication in characteristic 3 and square root extraction
over Fpm, the latter technique being also useful in contexts other than that of pairing-based cryptography
Disclosure quality and stock returns in the UK
The purpose of this paper is to update and re-examine the role of corporate narrative reporting in improving investorsâ ability to better forecast future earnings change. We also construct a risk factor for disclosure quality (DQ) and test whether such a factor is useful in explaining the time-series variation of UK stock returns. Our paper contributes to the market based accounting research in three crucial ways. Firstly, it offers updated evidence on the usefulness of corporate narrative reporting to investors. Secondly, it offers evidence that the DQ factor is a significant risk factor in the UK. Thirdly, and finally, it finds that the Fama-French factors might contain DQ related information
The elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem and equivalent hard problems for elliptic divisibility sequences
We define three hard problems in the theory of elliptic divisibility
sequences (EDS Association, EDS Residue and EDS Discrete Log), each of which is
solvable in sub-exponential time if and only if the elliptic curve discrete
logarithm problem is solvable in sub-exponential time. We also relate the
problem of EDS Association to the Tate pairing and the MOV, Frey-R\"{u}ck and
Shipsey EDS attacks on the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem in the
cases where these apply.Comment: 18 pages; revised version includes some small mathematical
corrections, reformatte
Privacy-aware multi-context RFID infrastructure using public key cryptography
We propose a novel RFID infrastructure design, which foresees the usage of a single RFID tag within different contexts and for multiple purposes. We show that an infrastructure for multi-purpose RFID tags to be used in different contexts can be implemented in a privacy-preserving manner. We address security attacks such as impersonation, tracking, and replay. We also introduce spatio-temporal attacks as an important threat against privacy. We propose a methodology to thwart or alleviate these kinds of attacks. We develop our multi-context RFID infrastructure relying on usage of public key cryptography (PKC), which presents more scalable solutions in the sense that the backend servers can identify the tags 75 times faster than best symmetric cipher based systems when there are a million tags in the system. We demonstrate that the requirements for PKC are comparable to those for other cryptographic implementations based on symmetric ciphers proposed for RFID use
Testing Hardy nonlocality proof with genuine energy-time entanglement
We show two experimental realizations of Hardy ladder test of quantum
nonlocality using energy-time correlated photons, following the scheme proposed
by A. Cabello \emph{et al.} [Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{102}, 040401 (2009)].
Unlike, previous energy-time Bell experiments, these tests require precise
tailored nonmaximally entangled states. One of them is equivalent to the
two-setting two-outcome Bell test requiring a minimum detection efficiency. The
reported experiments are still affected by the locality and detection
loopholes, but are free of the post-selection loophole of previous energy-time
and time-bin Bell tests.Comment: 5 pages, revtex4, 6 figure
Efficient Doubling on Genus Two Curves over Binary Fields
In most algorithms involving elliptic and hyperelliptic curves, the costliest part consists in computing multiples of ideal classes. This paper investigates how to compute faster doubling over fields of characteristic two.
We derive explicit doubling formulae making strong use of the defining equation of the curve. We analyze how many field operations are needed depending on the curve making clear how much generality one loses by the respective choices. Note, that none of the proposed types is known to
be weak â one only could be suspicious because of the more special types. Our results allow to choose curves from a large enough variety which have extremely fast doubling needing only half the time of an addition. Combined with a sliding window method this leads to fast computation
of scalar multiples. We also speed up the general case
Provably Secure Double-Block-Length Hash Functions in a Black-Box Model
In CRYPTOâ89, Merkle presented three double-block-length
hash functions based on DES. They are optimally collision resistant in
a black-box model, that is, the time complexity of any collision-finding
algorithm for them is Ω(2^<l/2>) if DES is a random block cipher, where
l is the output length. Their drawback is that their rates are low. In
this article, new double-block-length hash functions with higher rates
are presented which are also optimally collision resistant in the blackbox
model. They are composed of block ciphers whose key length is twice
larger than their block length
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