Influência de formas do relevo em atributos físicos de um latossolo sob cultivo de cana-de-açúcar Influence of the relief forms on physical attributes of an oxisol cropped with sugarcane

Os atributos físicos do solo variam em função das formas do relevo e sofrem influência da mineralogia da fração argila e do manejo da cultura de cana-de-açúcar, podendo interferir no processo de compactação do solo. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o estado dos atributos físicos em diferentes formas do relevo em um Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico argiloso sob cultivo de cana-de-açúcar. A área apresenta duas formas de relevo: uma côncava, que ocorre nas posições mais elevadas, e uma linear, constituída pelos segmentos ombro, escarpa, meia encosta e encosta inferior. As amostras de solo foram coletadas durante o ciclo da cultura, nas camadas de 0,00-0,15m, 0,15-0,30m e 0,30-0,45m, para determinação do teor de matéria orgânica e dos seguintes atributos físicos: densidade do solo, porosidade total, macroporosidade, microporosidade, resistência do solo à penetração e teor de água no solo. A mineralogia mais gibbsítica e o maior teor de matéria orgânica, encontrada na forma de relevo côncava e de segmento ombro, proporciona menores valores de densidade do solo, de resistência do solo à penetração e de microporosidade e maiores valores de macroporosidade e de porosidade total do que a mineralogia mais caulinítica, encontrada nos demais segmentos da forma linear.<br>The physical attributes of the soil vary according to the relief forms and suffer from the mineralogy of the clay fraction and the management of the sugarcane culture, being able to influence the soil compaction process. This research was developed in Jaboticabal-SP, aiming at evaluating the behavior of physical attributes in different relief forms in an oxisol cropped with sugarcane. The area presents two relief forms (concave and linear), the concave one, that occurs at the highest positions, and the linear one, consisting of shoulder, scarp, stocking lean and inferior lean segments. The samples soil were collected during the sugarcane cycle, in the 0.00-0.15, 0.15-0.30 and 0.30-0.45m layers, for the determination of the organic matter and the following physical attributes: bulk density, total porosity, macro and microporosity, soil penetration resistance and soil moisture. The mineralogy most gibbsitic and the greatest value of organic matter, found in the concave relief form and in the shoulder segment, provide lower bulk density, soil penetration resistance and microporosity values and higher macroporosity and total porosity values when compared with the other segments of the linear form (caulinitic mineralogy)

Qualidade do mamão cv. Solo submetido ao choque térmico e tratamento quarentenário por radiação gama Quality of papaya cv. Solo submitted to heat shock and quarantine treatment by gamma radiation

Para se exportar, é necessário não só atingir padrões de qualidade exigidos pelo país importador, mas também padrões fitossanitários. A irradiação tem como principal função o controle quarentenário de moscas-das-frutas, portanto é necessário que se associe a tratamentos que visem à manutenção da qualidade do fruto. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade dos mamões submetidos à imersão em água quente seguidos de irradiação em doses de tratamento quarentenário. Os mamões verdes selecionados foram submetidos aos seguintes tratamentos: a) controle; b) 250 Gy; c) 500 Gy; d) choque térmico (60º C por 30 segundos); e) 250 Gy + choque térmico, e f) 500 Gy + choque térmico. Os mamões foram armazenados a 21&plusmn;1ºC e umidade relativa de 85-90%, e, após 8 dias, foram avaliados quanto ao teor de sólidos solúveis, pH, acidez titulável, firmeza, índice de doenças e coloração interna. As análises de perda de massa e coloração externa foram realizadas a 0; 2; 4 e 7 dias após a irradiação. Foi observado nos frutos submetidos a choque térmico (d, e, f) quantidade menor de sintomas de antracnose e podridão peduncular e, nos tratamentos combinados (e, f), foi verificada manutenção da firmeza do mamão. Somente no segundo dia os frutos irradiados (b, c, e, f) estavam mais amarelados que os demais. Para os demais parâmetros avaliados, não houve diferença entre os tratamentos.<br>To export, it is not only necessary to achieve quality standards, but also, phytosanitary standards. The main function of irradiation is quarantine control of fruit flies, therefore it is necessary to combine with treatments which focus at keeping fruit quality. The objective of this work was the evaluation of the quality of papaya submitted to irradiation and heat shock treatment through immersion in hot water. Green papayas selected were submitted in the following treatments: a) control, b) 250 Gy, c) 500 Gy; d) heat shock (60ºC for 30 seconds), e) 250 Gy + heat shock and f) 500 Gy + heat shock. The papayas were stored at 21 &plusmn;1ºC with relative humidity of 85-90%, and then after 8 days, they were evaluated by their soluble solid content, pH, titratable acidity, firmness, decay index and internal color. The analysis of fresh matter loss and external color were executed at 0, 2, 4 and 7 days after irradiation. It was observed that in treatments submitted to hot water (d, e, f) decay was controlled and in combined treatments (e, f) it was verified higher firmness. In the second day, irradiated treatments (b, c, e, and f) were yellower than the others. As to the other factors evaluated, there were no differences between treatments

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora