Cochlear implant and large vestibular aqueduct syndrome in children

Crianças com SAVA podem ter deficiências auditivas moderadas a severas durante fases precoces da infância, porém sua audição residual permite que elas desenvolvam linguagem oral com aparelhos auditivos convencionais e possam estar completamente integradas a condições escolares regulares. Contudo, estas crianças apresentam uma deterioração de sua habilidade auditiva com o decorrer do tempo e o implante coclear está sendo utilizado como uma opção para manter a habilidade auditiva. OBJETIVO: Avaliação da habilidade auditiva de 3 crianças com SAVA submetidas a implante coclear. MATERIAIS: Estudo retrospectivo baseado em revisão de prontuários. RESULTADOS: Em reconhecimento de palavras em campo aberto paciente 1, 80%, paciente 2, 87,5%, paciente 3, 4%. CONCLUSÃO: Os pacientes com aqueduto vestibular alargado são considerados bons candidatos para implante coclear pelos principais centros de implante coclear do mundo, por desenvolverem, em sua maioria, bons resultados de percepção de fala, o que leva estes pacientes a uma boa inserção social.Children with LVAS can develop a severe sensorineural hearing loss early in childhood, but they can be rehabilitated with hearing aids to continue their regular studies and to have a normal life. The problem is that they can deteriorate their hearing capacity, and at this point a cochlear implant can be used to preserve their hearing skills and vocalization. AIM: to evaluate the hearing skills of 3 children with LVAS referred to cochlear implants. MATERIAL: retrospective study based on medical charts' review. RESULTS: Speech recognition in open field: patient 1, 80%; patient 2, 87.5%; patient 3, 4 %. CONCLUSION: Children with LVAS are considered good candidates for Cochlear implant surgery by the most important centers of the world because most of them can develop good speech recognition, providing them a good social life

Cochlear implant radiography: technique adapted into a portable apparatus

Considerando a indisponibilidade de equipamentos avançados de aquisição de imagens nos centros cirúrgicos da maioria dos centros hospitalares e a importância fundamental que têm para o cirurgião uma visualização imediata do implante coclear logo após sua inserção, uma boa opção é a utilização da radiografia convencional. OBJETIVO: Descrever um método radiográfico rápido prático e de baixo custo, que permita avaliar não só a posição, mas também a integridade dos eletrodos, na instalação do implante coclear. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram analisadas radiografias de 262 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de implante coclear entre Março/2005 e Outubro/2008, com radiografia transoperatória, logo após a inserção dos eletrodos. As radiografias foram analisadas pelo cirurgião no transoperatório e, posteriormente, pelo médico radiologista. RESULTADOS: Foram analisadas 524 radiografias das quais, 95,61% apresentavam técnica adequada, com posicionamento do paciente dentro da técnica descrita neste estudo e boa visualização dos eletrodos, sendo consideradas satisfatórias e 4,39% apresentavam técnica inadequada e/ou visualização insatisfatória dos eletrodos, sendo consideradas insatisfatórias. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar dos aparelhos de Raios X portáteis possuírem limitações, utilizando técnicas e acessórios adequados, é possível conseguir radiografias com resultados satisfatórios para visualização dos implantes cocleares

Collaboration Models in Distributed Software Development: a Systematic Review

Several years ago software development has become critical to the global market. In the past decade, as a reflection of globalization, software companies began to distribute their development processes in different places, creating distributed software development (DSD). With the growing of Distributed Software Development, organizations have attempt to sketch the best possible development structure, in order to improve productivity and quality. The aim of this paper is to present a Systematic Review of Literature to identify which ways of collaboration are commonly used by software organizations where teams are temporal and geographically dispersed, with also different native languages and culture. Further, the research was based on the basic life cycle of the traditional development, and where phases of the project are performed: onsite, distributed/offshore and multi-site. The systematic review have examined 868 papers published between 2000 and 2010

Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pooled analysis of four observational studies

Background: Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, the practice of ventilation, and outcome in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain unexplored. In this analysis we aim to address these gaps using individual patient data of four large observational studies. Methods: In this pooled analysis we harmonised individual patient data from the ERICC, LUNG SAFE, PRoVENT, and PRoVENT-iMiC prospective observational studies, which were conducted from June, 2011, to December, 2018, in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. We used the 2016 World Bank classification to define two geoeconomic regions: middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patients in MICs versus HICs. The primary outcome was the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were key ventilation parameters (tidal volume size, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate), patient characteristics, the risk for and actual development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first day of ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality. Findings: Of the 7608 patients included in the original studies, this analysis included 3852 patients without ARDS, of whom 2345 were from MICs and 1507 were from HICs. Patients in MICs were younger, shorter and with a slightly lower body-mass index, more often had diabetes and active cancer, but less often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure than patients from HICs. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar in MICs and HICs. Use of LTVV in MICs and HICs was comparable (42·4% vs 44·2%; absolute difference -1·69 [-9·58 to 6·11] p=0·67; data available in 3174 [82%] of 3852 patients). The median applied positive end expiratory pressure was lower in MICs than in HICs (5 [IQR 5-8] vs 6 [5-8] cm H2O; p=0·0011). ICU mortality was higher in MICs than in HICs (30·5% vs 19·9%; p=0·0004; adjusted effect 16·41% [95% CI 9·52-23·52]; p<0·0001) and was inversely associated with gross domestic product (adjusted odds ratio for a US$10 000 increase per capita 0·80 [95% CI 0·75-0·86]; p<0·0001). Interpretation: Despite similar disease severity and ventilation management, ICU mortality in patients without ARDS is higher in MICs than in HICs, with a strong association with country-level economic status