Priority based Congestion Control Mechanism in Multipath Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a network composed of distributed autonomous devices using sensors. Sensor nodes send their collected data to a determined node called Sink. The sink processes data and performs appropriate actions. Nodes using routing protocol determine a path for sending data to sink. Congestion occurs when too many sources are sending too much of data for network to handle. Congestion in a wireless sensor network can cause missing packets, long delay, overall channel quality to degrade, leads to buffer drops. Congestion control mechanism has three phases, namely congestion detection, congestion notification and congestion control. In this paper is propose two bit binary notification flag to notify the congested network status for implicit congestion detection. For congested network status, we propose a priority based rate adjustment technique for controlling congestion in link level. Congested packet will be distributed equally to the child node to avoid packet loss and transition delays based on technique. Furthermore, this technique allocates the priority of many applications simultaneously running on the sensor nodes, which route is own data as well as the data generated from other sensor nodes. The results show that the proposed technique achieves better normalized throughput and total scheduling rate with the avoiding packet loss and delay

Punctate Inner Choroidopathy: A Review

Punctate Inner Choroidopathy (PIC), an idiopathic inflammatory multifocal chorioretinopathy that predominantly affects young myopic women, appears to be relatively rare, but there is limited data to support accurate estimates of prevalence, and it is likely that the condition is under-diagnosed. The etiological relationship between PIC and other conditions within the 'white dot syndromes' group remains uncertain. We, like others, would suggest that PIC and multifocal choroiditis with panuveitis (MCP) represent a single disease process that is modified by host factors (including host immunoregulation) to cause the range of clinical phenotypes seen. The impact of PIC on the patient is highly variable, with outcome ranging from complete spontaneous recovery to bilateral severe sight-loss. Detection and monitoring has been greatly facilitated by modern scanning techniques, especially OCT and autofluorescence imaging, and may be enhanced by co-registration of sequential images to detect change over time. Depending on the course of disease and nature of complications, appropriate treatment may range from observation to systemic immunosuppression and anti-angiogenic therapies. PIC is a challenging condition where treatment has to be tailored to the patient's individual circumstances, the extent of disease, and the risk of progression

GPTAraEval: A Comprehensive Evaluation of ChatGPT on Arabic NLP

The recent emergence of ChatGPT has brought a revolutionary change in the landscape of NLP. Although ChatGPT has consistently shown impressive performance on English benchmarks, its exact capabilities on most other languages remain largely unknown. To better understand ChatGPT's capabilities on Arabic, we present a large-scale evaluation of the model on a broad range of Arabic NLP tasks. Namely, we evaluate ChatGPT on 32 diverse natural language understanding and generation tasks on over 60 different datasets. To the best of our knowledge, our work offers the first performance analysis of ChatGPT on Arabic NLP at such a massive scale. Our results show that, despite its success on English benchmarks, ChatGPT trained in-context (few-shot) is consistently outperformed by much smaller dedicated models finetuned on Arabic. These results suggest that there is significant place for improvement for instruction-tuned LLMs such as ChatGPT.Comment: Work in progres

An Efficient Layout Design of Fredkin Gate in Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA)

Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) has been considered one of the alternative technologies used in Nanoscale logic design and a promising replacement for conventional Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) due to express speed, ultralow power consumption, higher scale integration and higher switching frequency. Since reversible logic circuits are one of the significant components of any digital system, especially Fredkin gate played an important role in designing a high speed and ultralow power consuming digital system. In this paper, an efficient design of Fredkin gate based on QCA logic gates: the QCA wire, majority gate and QCA inverter gate has been presented. Furthermore, compared with the previous design, the number of cells, covered area and latency time of the proposed design have reduced by 62.20%, 76.70%, and 25% respectively and also obviate coplanar wire-crossing. Functional correctness of the presented layout has proved by employing QCADesigner tool. The proposed circuit is a promising constructing in low power consuming fault-tolerance system and can stimulate higher degree of integrated applications in QCA

Requirement of ESWL after ureterorenoscopy and lithotripsy in the management of upper ureteric stone: comparison between Holmium Yag laser and pneumatic lithotripsy in a referral hospital, Bangladesh

Various methods have been employed for the removal of ureteric calculi all over the world. Both Ureteroscopic Pneumatic and Laser lithotripsy are popular procedures for this purpose. However proximal migration of stone fragments are not uncommon in these procedures while treating upper ureteric stones. Extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) may require to fragment those proximally migrated stones after the ureteroscopic Pneumatic or Laser lithotripsy. To compare the requirement of ESWL in the management of ureteric stone between Holmium Yag Laser and Pneumatic Lithotripsy. This study included 100 patients with upper ureteric stones who underwent ureteroscopic lithotripsy at the Department of Urology, CMH, Dhaka, between October 2010 and September 2012. Laser lithotripsy was used in 50 patients (Group A), and pneumatic lithotripsy was used in the remaining 50 patients (Group B). In each case, the same ureteroscope, video monitor, baskets, or irrigation devices were used. A kidney ureter and bladder radiograph and ultrasonograph were performed on patients one month and three months after lithotripsy. Patients with migrated fragments or insufficient clearance underwent a supplementary procedure such as ESWL. Mean age was 41.9}10.9 years and 41.3}12.3 years in Group A and Group B respectively. Males were predominant in both groups. Mean stone size was 1.36 } 0.36 cm in Group A and 1.37} 0.36 cm in Group B. Complete stone clearance was 94.0% in Group A and 76.0% in Group B. EWSL requirement rate was significantly higher in Group B (24.0%) than Group A (6.0%). Peri procedural complications like hemorrhage was significantly higher in Group B and mucosal disruption/perforation was almost same in both the groups. EWSL requirement rate was comparatively higher in pneumatic lithotripsy than laser lithotripsy. BSMMU J 2022; 15(2): 111-11

Determinants of online purchase intention and moderating role of trust in social network websites in Malaysia

The rapid growth of social networking sites (SNSs) has led to a change in marketing strategies and purchase behaviour of consumers. Drawing on the Extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, a theoretical basis for the online buying intention based trust, performance expectancy, hedonic motivation, habit, social influence and effort expectancy constructs was examined. The data came from a sample of 370 students who had a prior experience in online buying. It was found that habit, hedonic motivation and performance expectancy were significant predictors of buying intention; however, effort expectancy and social influence did not significantly predict purchase intention. Habit had stronger influence on buying intention for customers with a high level of trust, whereas hedonic motivation and performance expectancy had a higher effect for customers with a low level of trust. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed

SHOPPING MALL AIR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

The objective to design Heating, Ventilation & Air conditioning (HVAC) system for a commercial Building, with simultaneously controls its temperature, humidity, cleanliness, proper distribution, noise level, heat load calculation, fresh air, exhaust, duct design, pipe design, equipment selection and layout of accessories such as indoor and outdoor unit of the project. Cooling load will be calculated on E20 form. Indeed, today the emphasis is no more on understanding air conditioning ‘products’ but on creating ‘solutions’ and not just solutions, but ‘customized solutions’ that suit specific cooling needs of specific business and establishment

Review on the status of theory and research of social media studies in Malaysia: a conceptual paper

In the recent years, the literature indicated that adoption and consequences of using social media on the users and society has become a popular topic among the communication scholars. However, past studies also show that prior efforts in discussing on the stature and scholarship of social media research in Malaysia is scarce. Thus, the purpose of this conceptual paper is to review on the theoretical patterns and research trends of social media related studies on Malaysian users. In particular, the method used is based on literature reviews in chronological order concerning new media, social media and research trends analyses from journal articles, thesis proceedings and conferences, book and more. A framework of analysis was generated to identify the frequency and occurrences in theoretical application, research topic areas, methodological approaches, types of contents, social media medium of interest and research developmental phases of social media studies. The study ends with summaries and recommendations to utilise comprehensive content analyses of communication and media journals in Malaysia to trace the theoretical trends and research patterns pertaining to social media research

TARJAMAT: Evaluation of Bard and ChatGPT on Machine Translation of Ten Arabic Varieties

Despite the purported multilingual proficiency of instruction-finetuned large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and Bard, the linguistic inclusivity of these models remains insufficiently explored. Considering this constraint, we present a thorough assessment of Bard and ChatGPT (encompassing both GPT-3.5 and GPT-4) regarding their machine translation proficiencies across ten varieties of Arabic. Our evaluation covers diverse Arabic varieties such as Classical Arabic (CA), Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), and several country-level dialectal variants. Our analysis indicates that LLMs may encounter challenges with dialects for which minimal public datasets exist, but on average are better translators of dialects than existing commercial systems. On CA and MSA, instruction-tuned LLMs, however, trail behind commercial systems such as Google Translate. Finally, we undertake a human-centric study to scrutinize the efficacy of the relatively recent model, Bard, in following human instructions during translation tasks. Our analysis reveals a circumscribed capability of Bard in aligning with human instructions in translation contexts. Collectively, our findings underscore that prevailing LLMs remain far from inclusive, with only limited ability to cater for the linguistic and cultural intricacies of diverse communities.Comment: ArabicNLP 202