2,960 research outputs found
End stage renal disease and survival in people with diabetes:a national database linkage study
© The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Physicians. Funding This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust through the Scottish Health Informatics Programme (SHIP). The SHIP is collaboration between the Universities of Aberdeen, Dundee, Edinburgh, Glasgow and St Andrews and the Information Services Division of National Health Service National Service Scotland. Funding for diabetes register linkage and data extraction was provided by the Chief Scientist’s Office of the Scottish Government. The Scottish Diabetes Research Network receives financial support from National Health Services Research Scotland. The Scottish Renal Registry is funded by the Information Services Division of National Health Service National Services Scotland but relies heavily on the goodwill of the contributing renal units who spent a large amount time working with Scottish Renal Registry staff to ensure that the data held within the register are accurate and complete.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Global Optimization by Energy Landscape Paving
We introduce a novel heuristic global optimization method, energy landscape
paving (ELP), which combines core ideas from energy surface deformation and
tabu search. In appropriate limits, ELP reduces to existing techniques. The
approach is very general and flexible and is illustrated here on two protein
folding problems. For these examples, the technique gives faster convergence to
the global minimum than previous approaches.Comment: to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett. (2002
Mid-infrared Hall effect in thin-film metals: Probing the Fermi surface anisotropy in Au and Cu
A sensitive mid-infrared (MIR, 900-1100 cm-1, 112-136 meV) photo-elastic
polarization modulation technique is used to measure simultaneously Faraday
rotation and circular dichroism in thin metal films. These two quantities
determine the complex AC Hall conductivity. This novel technique is applied to
study Au and Cu thin films at temperatures down to 20 K and magnetic fields up
to 8 T. The Hall frequency is consistent with band theory predictions. We
report the first measurement of the MIR Hall scattering rate, which is
significantly lower than that derived from Drude analysis of zero magnetic
field MIR transmission measurements. This difference is qualitatively explained
in terms of the anisotropy of the Fermi surface in Au and Cu.Comment: 14 pages of text, 5 figure
E-government adoption: A cultural comparison
This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final published article is available from the link below. Copyright @ Springer Science + Business Media, LLC 2008.E-government diffusion is an international phenomenon. This study compares e-government adoption in the U.K. to adoption in the U.S. In particular, this study seeks to determine if the same factors are salient in both countries. Several studies have explored citizen acceptance of e-government services in the U.S. However, few studies have explored this phenomenon in the U.K. To identify the similarities and differences between the U.K. and the U.S. a survey is conducted in the U.K. and the findings are compared to the literature that investigates diffusion in the U.S. This study proposes a model of e-government adoption in the U.K. based on salient factors in the U.S. A survey is administered to 260 citizens in London to assess the importance of relative advantage, trust and the digital divide on intention to use e-government. The results of binary logistic regression indicate that there are cultural differences in e-government adoption in the U.K. and the U.S. The results indicate that of the prevailing adoption constructs, relative advantage and trust are pertinent in both the U.S. and the U.K., while ICT adoption barriers such as access and skill may vary by culture. Implications for research and practice are discussed
Rates of referable eye disease in the Scottish National Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Programme
Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Risk of cardiovascular disease and total mortality in adults with type 1 diabetes: Scottish registry linkage study
<p>Background: Randomized controlled trials have shown the importance of tight glucose control in type 1 diabetes (T1DM), but few recent studies have evaluated the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality among adults with T1DM. We evaluated these risks in adults with T1DM compared with the non-diabetic population in a nationwide study from Scotland and examined control of CVD risk factors in those with T1DM.</p>
<p>Methods and Findings: The Scottish Care Information-Diabetes Collaboration database was used to identify all people registered with T1DM and aged ≥20 years in 2005–2007 and to provide risk factor data. Major CVD events and deaths were obtained from the national hospital admissions database and death register. The age-adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) for CVD and mortality in T1DM (n = 21,789) versus the non-diabetic population (3.96 million) was estimated using Poisson regression. The age-adjusted IRR for first CVD event associated with T1DM versus the non-diabetic population was higher in women (3.0: 95% CI 2.4–3.8, p<0.001) than men (2.3: 2.0–2.7, p<0.001) while the IRR for all-cause mortality associated with T1DM was comparable at 2.6 (2.2–3.0, p<0.001) in men and 2.7 (2.2–3.4, p<0.001) in women. Between 2005–2007, among individuals with T1DM, 34 of 123 deaths among 10,173 who were <40 years and 37 of 907 deaths among 12,739 who were ≥40 years had an underlying cause of death of coma or diabetic ketoacidosis. Among individuals 60–69 years, approximately three extra deaths per 100 per year occurred among men with T1DM (28.51/1,000 person years at risk), and two per 100 per year for women (17.99/1,000 person years at risk). 28% of those with T1DM were current smokers, 13% achieved target HbA1c of <7% and 37% had very poor (≥9%) glycaemic control. Among those aged ≥40, 37% had blood pressures above even conservative targets (≥140/90 mmHg) and 39% of those ≥40 years were not on a statin. Although many of these risk factors were comparable to those previously reported in other developed countries, CVD and mortality rates may not be generalizable to other countries. Limitations included lack of information on the specific insulin therapy used.</p>
<p>Conclusions: Although the relative risks for CVD and total mortality associated with T1DM in this population have declined relative to earlier studies, T1DM continues to be associated with higher CVD and death rates than the non-diabetic population. Risk factor management should be improved to further reduce risk but better treatment approaches for achieving good glycaemic control are badly needed.</p>
Infrared Hall effect in high Tc superconductors: Evidence for non-Fermi liquid Hall scattering
Infrared (20-120 cm-1 and 900-1100 cm-1) Faraday rotation and circular
dichroism are measured in high Tc superconductors using sensitive polarization
modulation techniques. Optimally doped YBCO thin films are studied at
temperatures down to 15 K and magnetic fields up to 8 T. At 1000 cm-1 the Hall
conductivity varies strongly with temperature in contrast to the longitudinal
conductivity which is nearly independent of temperature. The Hall scattering
rate has a T^2 temperature dependence but, unlike a Fermi liquid, depends only
weakly on frequency. The experiment puts severe constraints on theories of
transport in the normal state of high Tc superconductors.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure
Étude internationale des curricula
Dans le cadre des enquêtes menées par l’IEA, la troisième enquête internationale sur les mathématiques et les sciences a été l’occasion d’une mise au point de techniques d’analyses facilitant l’étude des curricula, et, plus spécifiquement, le curriculum formel (intented curriculum). Ces techniques qui représentent une innovation importante pour la recherche éducative, font l’objet d’une présentation dans cet article
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Projections of ENDF/B version V performance for fast and thermal reactors using sensitivity coefficients
Proposed reductions to /sup 235/U(anti ..nu..) and /sup 235/U(n,f) in the fast energy range have significant impact for uranium fueled fast critical assemblies. The long-standing LMFBR /sup 28/c//sup 49/f calculated overprediction is not resolved by proposed Version 5 cross section modifications for /sup 238/U(n,..gamma..) and /sup 239/Pu(n,f). The upward evaluation for the /sup 239/Pu(n,f)//sup 235/U(n,f) ratio improves criticality predictions for Pu fueled fast assemblies. For thermal reactors, changes to the /sup 238/U resonance parameters significantly reduce the long-standing /sup 28/rho discrepancy. Reduced resonance capture in the 1 eV /sup 240/Pu resonsnce has significant implications for LWR fuel cycle studies
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