A critical evaluation of large scale development projects and programmes in South Africa

Paper presented at the Wits History Workshop: Forging the links between historical research and the policy process, 18-19 September 1999.South Arica needs employment-intensive infrastructure programmes in order to create jobs. Local needs and communities ideas must be taken into account. Quality and cost effectiveness should not be compromised. The supervisors should be technically and organisationally competent. Sustainable finance and a reliable political will to see the projects though are essential

The national public works programme, 1994-1998: does the past suggest the future?

Paper presented at the Wits History Workshop: Forging the links between historical research and the policy process, 18-19 September 1999.The National Public Works Programme (NPWP) was launched in 1994 to establish programmes, using labour-intensive methods, to construct and maintain infrastructure, generate employment and develop skills. This article discusses the programme's progress

A comparative study of four country-specific labour-intensive infrastructure development programmes

Abstract:in sub-sahara africa unemployment and poverty are widespread,persistant and high..

Capacity building in transportation and development engineering at WITS University : innovative research and education at the Research Centre for employment creation in construction

Paper presented at the 21st Annual South African Transport Conference 15 - 18 July 2002 "Towards building capacity and accelerating delivery", CSIR International Convention Centre, Pretoria, South Africa.This paper was transferred from the original CD ROM created for this conference. The material on the CD ROM was published using Adobe Acrobat technology. The original CD ROM was produced by Document Transformation Technologies Postal Address: PO Box 560 Irene 0062 South Africa. Tel.: +27 12 667 2074 Fax: +27 12 667 2766 E-mail: [email protected] URL: http://www.doctech.co.z

Labour underutilisation, unemployment and underemployment

Abstract The Kenyan RARP, institutionalised within the Ministry of Works, was the first and remains the largest labour intensive road construction and maintenance programme in Africa. The objectives of the programme were (a) to provide all weather access between high potential farming areas and market centres (farmers said they could grow more food but they could not reach the secondary road network and, therefore, the market centres where the surplus could be sold); (b) to provide meaningful employment opportunities; (c) to encourage the production of cash crops; (d) to improve the quality of rural life and access to services at "growth centres". The programme was financed by eight donor agencies and the Kenyan government. Since 1974 it has been responsible for the construction of 8 000 kms of earth road of which nearly 6 000 kms have been gravelled. During the peak of its construction phase 14 5000 casual labourers were employed and 1 400 supervisory staff: in sum over 70 000 years of casual employment have been created and 6 000 years of supervisory employment. The KRARP was immensely successful and it should be the basic model for any country wishing to introduce such a programme. Reasons for success could be used as a primary check list against which to assess any proposed programme in a new country or any established programme embarking upon new directions

Transport research : quo vadis ?

Paper presented at the 27th Annual Southern African Transport Conference 7 - 11 July 2008 "Partnership for research and progress in transportation", CSIR International Convention Centre, Pretoria, South Africa.This paper was transferred from the original CD ROM created for this conference. The material on the CD ROM was published using Adobe Acrobat technology. The original CD ROM was produced by Document Transformation Technologies Postal Address: PO Box 560 Irene 0062 South Africa. Tel.: +27 12 667 2074 Fax: +27 12 667 2766 E-mail: [email protected] URL: http://www.doctech.co.z

Employment generation through microcredit: Experiences in rural Bangladesh and Indonesia

U radu se obrađuju teme stereotipa i predrasuda koje susrećemo u, kako tradicionalnim tako i suvremenim, medijima. Stereotipe u radu definiramo kao sklop pojednostavnjenih i pretjerano uopćenih osobina koje se pridaju svim pripadnicima neke društvene skupine, a predrasude kao unaprijed stvoren pozitivan ili negativan sud i uvjerenje o nekom ili nečem. Za razumijevanje uporabe stereotipa u masovnim medijima, važno je osvrnuti se na objašnjenja klasičnih autora Waltera Lippmanna i Gordona W. Allporta koji obrađuju teme nastanka i važnosti stereotipa i predrasuda u društvenoj interakciji. Svaka društvena grupa podložna je stereotipiziranju, ali njime su najviše pogođene manjinske skupine i skupine podložne diskriminaciji. Rodnu diskriminaciju najčešće susrećemo u promotivnim medijskim materijalima, u kojima su žene prikazane kao objekt prodaje. Ova pojava rezultat je, i dalje patrijarhalnog, društva i prilagodbe medijskih sadržaja potrebama i željama muške populacije. Jednako rodnima, česti su i stereotipi vezani za nacionalne i etičke manjine u medijima. Važnost ovog oblika stereotipiziranja leži u dobivanju informacija o pripadnicima nacionalnih manjina direktno iz medija, bez poznavanja istih u stvarnom životu. čime mediji oblikuju javno mnijenje i percepciju publike o istima. Osim stereotipa na nacionalnoj razini, velik problem predstavljaju i rasni stereotipi. Rasna diskriminacija sustavno je ulazila u medijski prostor i stvorila privid normalizacije predstavljanja pripadnika crne rase na negativan način pun više ili manje suptilnih stereotipa. Utjecaj masovnih predrasuda na društvo u cjelini neminovan je te je zbog toga važno raditi na poboljšanju etičkog izvještavanja o osjetljivim društvenim skupinama. Stereotipi i predrasude uvijek će postojati kao važan dio međuljudske interakcije i načina prepoznavanja poznatog u nepoznatome