30 research outputs found
Histopathology Caused by the Entomopathogenic Fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, in the Adult Planthopper, Peregrinus maidis, a Maize Virus Vector
The planthopper Peregrinus maidis (Ashmead) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) is an important vector of maize viruses in tropical and subtropical areas. Planthoppers are biologically controlled with several species of entomopathogenic fungi that have been isolated from these insect pests of rice in Asia. Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo-Crivelli) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) appear to be the most useful against planthoppers because of their ease of mass production, storage, virulence, and application. In the present study, adults of P. maidis infected with B. bassiana and M. anisopliae were observed under light and scanning electron microscopy to characterize morphologically the process of infection and the development of these fungi, prior to and after the death of the host. The hydrophobic conidia of both fungal species were able to attach to all body regions, with a preference for surfaces containing hairs. Few germinated conidia were observed on the insect's body surface at 24, 48, and 72 hr post-inoculation. On the cuticular surface of P. maidis treated with B. bassiana and M. anisopliae, bacillus-like bacteria were observed. These microorganisms could be interacting with fungal conidia, playing a role of antibiosis that will not allow the fungal pathogens to germinate and penetrate. In the colonization events observed in this study, the formation and multiplication of hyphal bodies by both fungal species inside the host's body was noted. The host's whole body was invaded by hyphae between five and six days post-inoculation, and body fat was the most affected tissue
Screening of liquid media and fermentation of an endophytic Beauveria bassiana strain in a bioreactor
Fabry nephropathy: a review – how can we optimize the management of Fabry nephropathy?
The genetic epidemiology of joint shape and the development of osteoarthritis
Congruent, low-friction relative movement between the articulating elements of a synovial joint is an essential pre-requisite for sustained, efficient, function. Where disorders of joint formation or maintenance exist, mechanical overloading and osteoarthritis (OA) follow. The heritable component of OA accounts for ~ 50% of susceptible risk. Although almost 100 genetic risk loci for OA have now been identified, and the epidemiological relationship between joint development, joint shape and osteoarthritis is well established, we still have only a limited understanding of the contribution that genetic variation makes to joint shape and how this modulates OA risk. In this article, a brief overview of synovial joint development and its genetic regulation is followed by a review of current knowledge on the genetic epidemiology of established joint shape disorders and common shape variation. A summary of current genetic epidemiology of OA is also given, together with current evidence on the genetic overlap between shape variation and OA. Finally, the established genetic risk loci for both joint shape and osteoarthritis are discussed
Inflammatory bowel disease in primary immunodeficiency disorders is a heterogeneous clinical entity requiring an individualized treatment strategy
Objective: To describe the prevalence, clinical presentation and current treatment regimens of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders (PI
Effect of the fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, on the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), under laboratory and open field conditions
Use Effectiveness of Medical Devices: A Case Study on the Deployment of Ultrasonographic Devices
Entomopathogenic Fungi as Bioinsecticides
As early as 900 A.D., it was known in the Orient that fungi could grow in insects (Steinhaus, 1975). The pioneering work of Bassi with Beauveria bassiana in silkworms in 1834 proved that fungi could actually cause infectious diseases in insects. From the 1880s through the early 1900s, the spectacular epizootics caused by entomopathogenic fungi—fungi-infecting insects—led to studies of their potential use for pest control. Interest in fungi as pest control agents waned, however, as chemical insecticides were used more frequently. More recently, owing to the myriad difficulties that have been gradually encountered in the development and use of chemical insecticides, the field of biological control has been undergoing a renaissance. In particular, our knowledge of entomopathogenic fungi is at present increasing rapidly