Issues in Political Development: Implications for Counsellors

This paper focuses on the issues in political development. The study was carried out in Anambra state, using 100 counsellors out of 288 counsellors in all the secondary schools in Anambra state. Two research questions guided the study. Questionnaire was used for data collection. The data collected were analyzed using mean scores. The findings revealed. that some impediments to political development include; Religious intolerance, poor leadership, structural imbalance, moral decadence, political instability, and Funding .Also, social ills which the state faced because of these impediments include: greed,poverty, alcoholism, drug abuse, human trafficking, money laundering, political killings, thuggery. Based on the fin dings recommendations were  made, that Counselling should be introduced in the tertiary institutions for graduating students.Key Words: Political development, Counselling and Impediment

Use of ICT Application in Improving Guidance Services in Nigeria

This study theoretically surveys several ways ICT application can help in improving guidance services in Nigeria. The findings show that ICT application has helped client to increase self awareness among others. The study also highlights challenges faced in the application of ICT in Nigeria

Challenges of Universal Basic Education Programme: The Role of Counsellors

University Basic Education is the most important solution in the chain of efforts to make every Nigerian citizen literate. The main purpose of the study was to identify the roles of the Counsellors for Effective Implementation of Universal Basic Education. Three research questions were answered. There was no sample due to few numbers of Counsellors so the entire population of 72 Counsellors found during the CASSON meeting (Anambra Chapter) were used. The questionnaire for the study was designed by the researchers and dully validated by four experts from Guidance and Counselling Department in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Data were analyzed using Rank Order and Mean Rating for the three Research questions. The findings of the study revealed that the factors that must be approached and the Counsellors roles for effective implementation of Universal Basic Education. Recommendations and Conclusion were made

A Review of Sustainable Agroforestry Practices as Climate Change Adaption and Mitigation Strategy in Nigeria

Agroforestry is one of the most conspicuous land use systems across landscapes and agroecological zones in Nigeria. With food shortages and increased threats of climate change, interest in agroforestry is gathering for its potential to address various on-farm adaptation needs, and fulfill many roles in mitigation pathways. Agroforestry provides assets and income from carbon, wood energy, improved soil fertility and enhancement of local climate conditions; it provides ecosystem services and reduces human impacts on natural forests. Most of these benefits have direct benefits for local adaptation while contributing to global efforts to control atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. This paper presents recent findings on how agroforestry as a sustainable practice helps to achieve both mitigation and adaptation objectives while remaining relevant to the livelihoods of the poor smallholder farmers in Nigeria. Keywords: Review, sustainable, Mitigation, adaptation, climate change, strategy, Nigeria DOI: 10.7176/JEES/12-12-01 Publication date: December 31st 202

Tobacco Induced Priapism in Wister Rat: A Case Report

In an eight-week study on the effect of potash-tobacco dust ingestion on rats, a persistent penile erection for days was observed amongst some of the rats under study. This study involved a total of 42 Wister rats of weights rangingbetween 150-300g and grouped into four groups (A, B, C and D). Group A served as control, while groups B – Dserved as test groups and received 2g, 4g, and 6g of tobacco-dust, as well as 0.4g, 0.8g, and 1.2g of potash respectively, with water given ad libitum. By the 4th week, a persistent penile erection was observed in one of the rats in group C, and by the 6th week, a similar incident occurred in group C and D respectively, prompting serial observation. By the 8 week, gangrenous changes were observed, followed by necrosis and death of the rats on the 10th day from onset. The control rats (group A), which received normal feed and water, remained normal.Keywords: Priapism, Rat, Tobacco, Potash, Penile erectio

Seasonal Variation of the Hydro-Environmental Factors and Phytoplankton Community around Waters in Tincan Island, Lagos State, Nigeria

The phytoplankton diversity, pigment, abundance and distribution in relation to physico-chemical parameters were studied from four stations for a period of five months (May \u2013 September 2018) and were analysed using standard procedures. Rainfall was highest (329.5 mm) in September and lowest (142.7 mm) in July. The total suspended solid (TSS) had a mean value of 63.10\ub112.81 mg/L and the total dissolved solids (TDS) had the highest value of 15189 mg/L in May which was not significantly different around the sampling points {P > 0.05}. The pH and nitrate level recorded had a mean value of 7.25\ub10.33 and 3.11\ub11.33 mg/L respectively. Microscopic identification revealed a total of 129 species belonging to 62 genera, 22 families and five divisions in the following order of specie abundance: Bacillariophyceae (65 taxa) > Cyanophyceae (27 taxa) > Chlorophyta (20 taxa) > Dinophyceae (10 taxa) > Euglenophyceae (7 taxa). The high dominance of Microcystis aeruginosa observed was indicative of organic pollution. The range of community structure indices were as follows: Margalef Index (0.1406 \u2013 5.295) and Shannon \u2013 Weiner Index (0.02644 - 0.4979). The relatively high nutrient status favours the high abundance of phytoplankton which is understood to be deleterious to the ecosystem. Municipal wastes must be treated or recycled before discharge and a continuous environmental surveillance is required to maintain the biological integrity of this area

Prevalence of Acid-Alcohol-Fast Bacilli among Patients with Suspected Cases of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Jos, Nigeria

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major public health problem in globally due to its high tendency of person-person transmission, morbidity, and  mortality. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of AAFB within the study area. Sputum samples were collected from three hundred and three (303) patients with suspected cases of pulmonary tuberculosis attending Plateau State Specialist Hospital and Faith Alive Foundation. The samples were examined using Ziehl Neelsen method. Structured  questionnaires were administered to obtain some demographic data from patients that consented. Results were tested statistically for significance at p < 0.05 using Chi-square test. Out of the samples examined,29(9.57.0%) were positive for AAFB .The study showed that the prevalence of smear-positive increased with age between 15 and 45 and then decreased from age groups 46 and above. The study also revealed that males had a higher prevalence with 19(12.34%)than females who had 10(6.71%  ).Marital status showed that divorced individuals had the highest  prevalence of 2(12.50%) followed by married ,singles and the widowed with 18(11.76%),8(6.34%),and 1(5.90%) respectively. Statistically the study reveals that age groups, sex, hospital (location) does not have any effects on the prevalence (p > 0.05) while marital status showed a significant  effect on the prevalence (p < 0.05).There is need for a more collaborative efforts and political will by the government and non-governmental agencies in order to fast track prevention and control measures aimed at eliminating the infection in the nearest future.Key words: AFB, Tuberculosis, Jos, Nigeria

Assessment of the validity of rapid diagnostic test kits available in the Nigerian market for Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Early diagnosis is important in TB disease control. The use of rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kits drastically reduces the time required for reaching clinical diagnosis and this has been successful in diagnosis of HIV, syphilis and more recently malaria to mention a few. What is the case for RDTs for diagnosis of tuberculosis? Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the performances of results produced by different rapid diagnostic test strips available in the Nigerian market for TB. A total of one hundred and eighty-four (184) subjects aged between 12-68 years were recruited for the study. These were referred from the chest clinic with a high index of suspicion of TB. Sputum samples were collected for AFB detection using the Ziehl-Neelsen and Auramine-phenol staining techniques. Blood samples were collected for serology tests using five (5) different rapid diagnostic test kits from different manufacturers, HIV status determination and evaluation of the haematological parameters we carried out. As a result, there were significant differences in the results obtained between AFB tests and serological methods with P<0.01 in all cases. The sensitivity and specificity respectively of the five different kits were 28.6% and 32.0% (Nova), 19.5% and 29.2% (Fistech), 9.1% and 27.1% (Diaspot), 12.4% and 27.7% (Abcon) and 12.4% and 27.7% (Global).finally, findings from this study show that these rapid serological tests are poor in diagnosing tuberculosis and cannot be recommended for use in this environment.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Tuberculosis, rapid diagnostic tests, acid fast bacill