Determinants of price formation for air transport services

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present the impact of the most important price formation determinants on the development of air transport. Design/Methodology/Approach: Research on the factors determining the price strategy of carriers is based on available literature, documents developed by IATA and the Civil Aviation Authority, materials of companies constructing Airbus and Boeing aircraft as well as on own empirical research. Findings: The empirical research carried out indicates the crucial importance of quality and price in creating the unique services and added value. The pursuit of strategic policy consists in defining the company’s directional goals and areas of its operation, as well as determining the principles of efficiency of allocation and use of assets. It is also necessary to develop the market rules for the price-making process in the management system and specify ways of behaving in crisis situations. Practical implications: The key factor determining the competitive advantage of service providers are modern methods of price formation and improving the quality of services. Data can be compared with other countries. Originality/Value: Since the choice of strategy appropriate for a given enterprise depends on its material situation, assets, management and relations with the environment, in which it operates, in particular the position it occupies on the market, the present study gives an insight in the determination of price formation in a unique way able to be adopted by the air transport industry taking into consideration all aspects mentioned above.peer-reviewe

Health status and lifestyle of the mentally and physically disabled

Purpose: The aim of the article is to identify differences and similarities in the lifestyles of people with physical and mental disabilities and to determine the degree and direction of interdependence between lifestyle and self-assessed health status of people with disabilities. Design/Methodology/Approach: We obtained data using the F2F questionnaire technique, using the own survey. We used statistical methods based on analysis of the differentiation and similarity of structures and tests likelihood ratio, chi-square and asymmetric lambda coefficients to study interdependencies between variables. After identifying the variables that influence the likelihood of a positive self-assessment of health, we use logistic regression. Findings: The results obtained indicate the information about how disabled people spend their free time, whether they play a sport, and their views on the opportunity to get a job at high position helps predict the health status of a disabled person. Practical implications: The health condition of disabled people doesn’t depend on the type of disability. Factors that determine their health condition concern sports, work, and the form of spending free time. That the type of disability has a statistically significant impact on factors related to education, work, and cultural and social activity. It is easier to predict the state of health of a disabled person based on these factors than the reverse. Originality/Value: Lifestyle is important for self-assessment of health. The general lifestyle questionnaire proposed by Lopez-Fontana et al. (2020) should be complemented with attitude toward work, way of spending leisure time, interpersonal relationship.peer-reviewe

Main determinants of shaping the quality of air transport services

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the impact of the most important determinants on the selection of the best quality variant of the air service level, depending on the proposed price, standard, comfort, service quality, loyalty, scope of additional services and other criteria. Design/Methodology/Approach: Research on the determinants governing the choice of the air travel segment is based on available literature, statistical documentation, IATA and ULC, Airbus and Boeing, and mainly based on own empirical research. The tests carried out using the diagnostic survey method included two comparable periods in 2011 and 2018. They were carried out on a group of 321 passengers, who started their journey at Katowice-Pyrzowice, Kraków-Balice, Rzeszów-Jasionka and Lublin-Świdnik airports. Findings: The undertaken research based on own empirical study demonstrates the decisive importance of quality in creating the unique services and added value. The effectiveness of reasons determining the passengers’ movements between traditional and low-cost carriers, was also demonstrated as a result of the improvement of consumer service in internal, intersegmental and inter-branch conditions of competition. Practical Implications: The key determinant of obtaining a competitive market advantage by service providers is the improvement of passenger service quality at the departure port, on the aircraft and at the destination port. The skill and effectiveness of this dominant use is demonstrated by the level of elimination of unfavorable features of the service already in the design phase, the dimension of the outflow of loyal passengers to competitors, the number of new increments and the expansion of loyal customers, which is expressed in a synthetic way by the increase in purchases. Originality/Value: Comparison of services of traditional air carriers with the low-cost carriers on the polish market. Data can be compared with other countries.peer-reviewe

Model of Polish market of passenger air services in the conditions of EU standards

Purpose: The aim of the conducted research was to systematize the interdependencies existing on the market of air services and to identify the stimulators concerning models of sustainable development on this basis. . Design/Methodology/Approach: Research on the determinants governing the choice of the air travel segment is based on available literature, analysis and statistical documentation of the air transport market for the years 2003-2017. The following hypothesis was adopted: possibility of survival and development of passenger air transport companies on the market, in the conditions of globalization, is attributed only to those entities that are able to construct an effective strategy of competing and improving economic efficiency. Findings: The search for effective solutions to this problem on the passenger air transport markets required active participation in complex structures of mutual connections as a result of dynamic variability of relations between its participants. Practical Implications: The anticipated effect of this process will be creation of a new transport segment, in which the most effective and the most attractive elements of consumer service, which was defined as the central segment, will be developed. Increasing intensity of market competition leads to the intensification of the process of mutual adaptation of innovations and the best solutions existing on the market by some entities, as a result of which the differences in consumer service and changes in the structure of the sector are evened out. Originality/Value: This work includes the analysis of the process of creating and strengthening the market advantage in conditions of changes in the structure and functioning of the European air transport market after enlargement of the European Union. The model of the dependence of demand preferences on the price and comfort of services as well as evolution of airline operation models, was presented.peer-reviewe

Impact of antibiotics on the proliferation and differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Adipose tissue is a promising source of mesenchymal stem cells. Their potential to differentiate and regenerate other types of tissues may be affected by several factors. This may be due to in vitro cell-culture conditions, especially the supplementation with antibiotics. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of a penicillin-streptomycin mixture (PS), amphotericin B (AmB), a complex of AmB with copper (II) ions (AmB-Cu2+) and various combinations of these antibiotics on the proliferation and differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells in vitro. Normal human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC, Lonza) were routinely maintained in a Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) that was either supplemented with selected antibiotics or without antibiotics. The ADSC that were used for the experiment were at the second passage. The effect of antibiotics on proliferation was analyzed using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and sulforhodamine-B (SRB) tests. Differentiation was evaluated based on Alizarin Red staining, Oil Red O staining and determination of the expression of ADSC, osteoblast and adipocyte markers by real-time RT-qPCR. The obtained results indicate that the influence of antibiotics on adipose-derived stem cells depends on the duration of exposure and on the combination of applied compounds. We show that antibiotics alter the proliferation of cells and also promote natural osteogenesis, and adipogenesis, and that this effect is also noticeable in stimulated osteogenesis

H3 mRNA level as a new proliferative marker in astrocytomas

AbstractReplication-dependent H3.1 and H3.2 histones are encoded by 11 genes. The H3 mRNA levels in brain astrocytomas using real-time RT-PCR assay was examined. The sequence of primers and probe used in amplification was designed basing on the reference sequence GenBank accession no. Z83737. The H3 mRNA levels correlated with tumor grade (R=0.56, P=0.0012), Ki-67 proliferative antigen labeling index (R=0.58, P=0.0008) and patient survival time (R=−0.50, P=0.005), discriminating low-grade and high-grade tumors. Quantification of H3 mRNA with real-time RT-PCR using the proposed pair of primers may supplement classic proliferative tests and predictive factors in brain astrocytomas

EXTERNAL BARREL TEMPERATURE OF A SMALL BORE OLYMPIC RIFLE

Investigations on changes in a rifle’s barrel temperature during shooting in a rhythm typical for practitioners of Olympic shooting sports are presented. Walther KK300 (cal. 5.6 mm), a typical rifle often used in Olympic competitions, R50 RWS ammunition and a high speed thermographic camera were used in the study. Altair version 5 software was used to process thermal images and a stationary wavelet transform was applied to denoise signals for all the studied points. It was found that the temperature of the rifle barrel does not exceed 0.3°C after one shot whereas the total temperature increase does not exceed 5°C after taking 40 shots and does not affect the position of the hitting point on a target. In fact, contrary to popular belief, the so-called “warming shots” are not done for barrel heating but for cleaning of remnants in the barrel

Dyskeratosis congenita as a multifaceted bone marrow disorder

Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a rare multisystem clinical entity caused by genetic mutations associated with telomere biology disorder. The symptoms include bone marrow dysfunction as well as skin and mucosal abnormalities. In severe cases, DC is characterized by high mortality rates among children. In milder subtypes, it is less detectable in adults, due to the occurrence of cryptic forms of the disease. To date, more than 15 mutated genes have been shown as causative for DC. The aim of this study was to provide a brief description of the currently known clinical and genetic characteristics of DC, and to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis

CANE — Ocena Potrzeb Osób Starszych Camberwell i inne narzędzia oceny potrzeb osób w podeszłym wieku

Planując opiekę, w tym pielęgniarską, nad osobami starszymi należy uwzględnić kompleksowe rozpoznawanie ich potrzeb, z wykorzystaniem przeznaczonych do tego skal. W artykule przybliżono niektóre z nich, koncentrując się na Ocenie Potrzeb Osób Starszych Camberwell (CANE). Głównym celem CANE jest identyfikacja potrzeb starszych pacjentów. Narzędzie to może być przydatne zarówno w codziennej praktyce pielęgniarskiej, jaki wykorzystywane w badaniach klinicznych