Leite fermentado: kefir / Fermented milk: kefir

O kefir é um produto lácteo com sabor característico e difere dos demais produtos lácteos fermentados por ser resultado da atividade de uma microflora mista. O kefir é um leite fermentado cuja fermentação se realiza com “grãos de kefir” que são constituídos por leveduras (Kluyveromyces marxianus, Saccharomyces omnisporus e Saccharomyces cerevisae e Saccharomyces exiguus) e bactérias (Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobaterium sp. e Streptococcus salivarius subsp. Thermophilus). É um produto lácteo rico em nutrientes como proteínas e cálcio e desempenha um papel importante na nutrição humana devido as suas propriedades bioativas e nutritivas. Diversas pesquisas comprovaram as vantagens do consumo do kefir para a saúde humana como atividade anticarcinogênica, anti-inflamatória e angiosgênicas. Diante disso o objetivo da pesquisa é realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o leite fermentado kefir e os seus principais benefícios à saúde associados ao consumo deste produto. O avanço das pesquisas clínicas demonstram as propriedades benéficas e o potencial probiótico deste alimento, o que constitui um amplo e inovador campo a ser desenvolvido nas relações academia-indústria. 

Tipos de fibras musculares, identificação, características e qualidade da carne / Types of muscle fibers, identification, characteristics and quality of meat

A musculatura esquelética é constituída por fibras musculares que possuem características fisiológicas e bioquímicas distintas. As fibras são o principal componente do músculo gerado a partir de estruturas derivadas do mesoderma. O número de células e o desenvolvimento de fibras musculares esqueléticas estão relacionados à produção de animais.  Basicamente elas podem ser classificadas em fibra do Tipo I e fibras do Tipo II. As fibras Tipo I e IIb, também conhecidas como oxidativa lenta e glicolítica rápida, respectivamente, representam dois perfis metabólicos extremos. As fibras do Tipo IIa e IIx são fibras oxidativas-glicolíticas rápidas intermediárias. O objetivo da pesquisa é realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os tipos de fibras musculares, identificação e características para melhor entender a sua relação com a qualidade da carne. As fibras musculares podem ser incluídas na seleção genética para características de crescimento e produção devido à alta variabilidade genética e herdabilidade. Os consumidores estão cada vez mais exigentes em relação à qualidade da carne, principalmente no diz respeito a atributos sensoriais. A qualidade da carne é determinada pela marmorização, cor, textura e gordura, e esses atributos de qualidade são influenciados por características do músculo esquelético, e estão diretamente relacionadas às propriedades das fibras musculares.

The puzzling occurrence of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) along the Brazilian coast: a result of several invasion events?

The massive occurrence of jellyfish in several areas of the world is reported annually, but most of the data come from the northern hemisphere and often refer to a restricted group of species that are not in the genus Cassiopea. This study records a massive, clonal and non-native population of Cassiopea and discusses the possible scenarios that resulted in the invasion of the Brazilian coast by these organisms. The results indicate that this jellyfish might have invaded the Brazilian coast multiple times

The puzzling occurrence of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) along the Brazilian coast: a result of several invasion events?

The massive occurrence of jellyfish in several areas of the world is reported annually, but most of the data come from the northern hemisphere and often refer to a restricted group of species that are not in the genus Cassiopea. This study records a massive, clonal and non-native population of Cassiopea and discusses the possible scenarios that resulted in the invasion of the Brazilian coast by these organisms. The results indicate that this jellyfish might have invaded the Brazilian coast multiple times

HΛ3 and H‾Λ‾3 lifetime measurement in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN=5.02 TeV via two-body decay

An improved value for the lifetime of the (anti-)hypertriton has been obtained using the data sample of Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV collected by the ALICE experiment at the LHC. The (anti-)hypertriton has been reconstructed via its charged two-body mesonic decay channel and the lifetime has been determined from an exponential fit to the dN/d(ct) spectrum. The measured value, τ = 242+34 −38 (stat.) ± 17 (syst.) ps, is compatible with representative theoretical predictions, thus contributing to the solution of the longstanding hypertriton lifetime puzzle

Study of the Λ–Λ interaction with femtoscopy correlations in pp and p–Pb collisions at the LHC

This work presents new constraints on the existence and the binding energy of a possible – bound state, the H-dibaryon, derived from – femtoscopic measurements by the ALICE collaboration. The results are obtained from a new measurement using the femtoscopy technique in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV and p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV, combined with previously published results from pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV. The – scattering parameter space, spanned by the inverse scattering length f −1 0 and the effective range d0, is constrained by comparing the measured – correlation function with calculations obtained within the Lednický model. The data are compatible with hypernuclei results and lattice computations, both predicting a shallow attractive interaction, and permit to test different theoretical approaches describing the – interaction. The region in the (f −1 0 ,d0) plane which would accommodate a – bound state is substantially restricted compared to previous studies. The binding energy of the possible – bound state is estimated within an effective-range expansion approach and is found to be B = 3.2+1.6 −2.4(stat)+1.8 −1.0(syst) MeV

Measurement of electrons from semileptonic heavy-flavour hadron decays at midrapidity in pp and Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV

The differential invariant yield as a function of transverse momentum (pT) of electrons from semileptonic heavy-flavour hadron decays was measured at midrapidity in central (0–10%), semi-central (30–50%) and peripheral (60–80%) lead–lead (Pb–Pb) collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV in the pT intervals 0.5–26 GeV/c (0–10% and 30–50%) and 0.5–10 GeV/c (60–80%). The production cross section in proton–proton (pp) collisions at √s = 5.02 TeV was measured as well in 0.5 < pT < 10 GeV/c and it lies close to the upper band of perturbative QCD calculation uncertainties up to pT = 5 GeV/c and close to the mean value for larger pT. The modification of the electron yield with respect to what is expected for an incoherent superposition of nucleon–nucleon collisions is evaluated by measuring the nuclear modification factor RAA. The measurement of the RAA in different centrality classes allows in-medium energy loss of charm and beauty quarks to be investigated. The RAA shows a suppression with respect to unity at intermediate pT, which increases while moving towards more central collisions. Moreover, the measured RAA is sensitive to the modification of the parton distribution functions (PDF) in nuclei, like nuclear shadowing, which causes a suppression of the heavy-quark production at low pT in heavy-ion collisions at LHC

Multiplicity dependence of K*(892)0 and ϕ(1020) production in pp collisions at t √s=13 TeV

The striking similarities that have been observed between high-multiplicity proton-proton (pp) collisions and heavy-ion collisions can be explored through multiplicity-differential measurements of identified hadrons in pp collisions. With these measurements, it is possible to study mechanisms such as collective flow that determine the shapes of hadron transverse momentum (pT) spectra, to search for possible modifications of the yields of short-lived hadronic resonances due to scattering effects in an extended hadron-gas phase, and to investigate different explanations provided by phenomenological models for enhancement of strangeness production with increasing multiplicity. In this paper, these topics are addressed through measurements of the K∗(892)0 and φ(1020) mesons at midrapidity in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity. The results include the pT spectra, pT-integrated yields, mean transverse momenta, and the ratios of the yields of these resonances to those of longer-lived hadrons. Comparisons with results from other collision systems and energies, as well as predictions from phenomenological models, are also discussed

Multiplicity dependence of inclusive J/ψ production at midrapidity in pp collisions at √s=13 TeV

Measurements of the inclusive J/ψ yield as a function of charged-particle pseudorapidity density dNch/dη in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV with ALICE at the LHC are reported. The J/ψ meson yield is measured at midrapidity (|y| < 0.9) in the dielectron channel, for events selected based on the charged-particle multiplicity at midrapidity (|η| < 1) and at forward rapidity (−3.7 < η < −1.7 and 2.8 < η < 5.1); both observables are normalized to their corresponding averages in minimum bias events. The increase of the normalized J/ψ yield with normalized dNch/dη is significantly stronger than linear and dependent on the transverse momentum. The data are compared to theoretical predictions, which describe the observed trends well, albeit not always quantitatively