Análise de componentes principais da circunferência escrotal em touros da raça Canchim.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a inter-relação entre medidas da circuferência escrotal aos 12, 18 e 24 meses de idade de 293 touros da raça Canchim, utilizando-se dos componentes principais. O primeiro componente principal explicou 72% da variação total, e um índice das características estudadas com a importância das mesmas. O segundo e o terceiro componentes principais explicaram 19 e 9% de variação total, respectivamente, e constratam animais com maiores medidas de circuferência escrotal em idades mais jovens com animais de maiores circunferências em idades posteriores.Resumo expandido

Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos para ganhos de peso na raça Canchim.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter estimativas de herdabilidade e de correlações genéticas, fenotípicas e de ambiente para os ganhos diários de peso do nascimento a desmama, da desmama aos 12 meses, dos 12 aos 18 meses e dos 18 a 24 meses de idade, na raça Canchim. Os dados de animais de cinco fazendas foram analisados pelo método de quadrados minimos

Timing and seasonality of the United States ‘warming hole’

The United States ‘warming hole’ is a region in the southeast/central U.S. where observed long-term surface temperature trends are insignificant or negative. We investigate the roles of anthropogenic forcing and internal variability on these trends by systematically examining observed seasonal temperature trends over all time periods of at least 10 years during 1901–2015. Long-term summer cooling in the north central U.S. beginning in the 1930s reflects the recovery from the anomalously warm ‘Dust Bowl’ of that decade. In the northeast and southern U.S., significant summertime cooling occurs from the early 1950s to the mid 1970s, which we partially attribute to increasing anthropogenic aerosol emissions (median fraction of the observed temperature trends explained is 0.69 and 0.17, respectively). In winter, the northeast and southern U.S. cool significantly from the early 1950s to the early 1990s, but we do not find evidence for a significant aerosol influence. Instead, long-term phase changes in the North Atlantic Oscillation contribute significantly to this cooling in both regions, while the Pacific Decadal Oscillation also contributes significantly to southern U.S. cooling. Rather than stemming from a single cause, the U.S. warming hole reflects both anthropogenic aerosol forcing and internal climate variability, but the dominant drivers vary by season, region, and time period

Global Music Perspectives: Music Outside the Western Canon in Local Schools

As a class, we are designing a research project for investigating how music teachers from counties in South-Central Pennsylvania use music from outside the Western canon (i.e. world music ). We are performing a qualitative study by interviewing k-12 music teachers from school districts in South-Central Pennsylvania. Teachers may choose to participate in a focus group interview with other teachers or in one-on-one interviews. The focus group interview will not exceed two hours and the one-on-one interviews will not exceed an hour. The interviews will be guided using a questionnaire (see attached), but the conversation may deviate from these questions at the discretion of the interviewer(s). We will transcribe these interviews to extract common thematic materials and relevant information. We will also compile a literature review of relevant peer-reviewed articles and use the data from said articles to expand upon our gathered information

Temperature and precipitation extremes in the United States: Quantifying the responses to anthropogenic aerosols and greenhouse gases

Changes in extreme temperatures, heat waves, heavy rainfall events, and precipitation frequency can have adverse impacts on human health, air quality, agricultural productivity, and water resources. Using the aerosol only (AER) and greenhouse gas only (GHG) "single forcing" simulations (3 ensemble members each) from the GFDL CM3 chemistry-climate model, we investigate aerosol- versus greenhouse gas-induced changes in high temperature and precipitation extremes over the United States. We identify changes in these events from 1860 to 2005 and the associated large-scale dynamical conditions. Small changes in these extremes in the "all forcing" simulations reflect cancellations between the individual, opposite-signed effects of increasing anthropogenic aerosols and greenhouse gases. In AER, aerosols lead to lower extreme high temperatures and fewer warm spells over the western US (-2.1 K regional average; -20 days/year) and over the central and northeast US (-1.5 K; -12 days/year). In GHG, a similar but opposite-signed response pattern occurs (+2.7 K and +14 days/year over the western US; +2.5 K and +10 days/year in the central and northeast US). The similar spatial response patterns in AER versus GHG suggest a preferred regional mode of response that is largely independent of the regional distribution of the forcing agent. The influence of both greenhouse gases and aerosols on extreme high temperature is weakest in the southeast US, collocated with the observed "warming hole". No statistically significant change occurs in AER, and a warming of only +1.8 K occurs in GHG. Warming in this region continues to be muted over the 21st century under the RCP 8.5 scenario, with increases in extreme temperatures more than 1 K smaller than elsewhere. Aerosols induce decreases in the number of days per year with at least 10mm of precipitation (R10mm) over the eastern US in summer and winter and over the southern US in spring of roughly 1 day/year. In contrast, greenhouse gases induce increases in R10mm over the eastern US in winter (+0.8 days/year), the northern and central US during spring (+1 day/year), and the southeast US during summer (+0.5 days/year), but decreases over the northeast US in summer (-0.2 days/year). In RCP 8.5, the patterns of extreme temperature and precipitation associated with greenhouse gas forcing dominate

Interação genótipo x ambiente para características de crescimento ate os 12 meses de idade em bovinos Canchim.

O objetivo foi estudar a interação genótipo x ambiente (duas épocas de nascimento). Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos foram obtidas para os pesos à desmama e aos 12 meses de idade, ganho de peso diário entre essas idades e um índice combinando essas características por meio de componentes principais, em bovinos Canchim. Utilizaram-se análises uni e bicaracter e metodologia DFREML com modelo touro e modelo animal, respectivamente. Além dos efeitos aleatórios de animal e touro, os modelos incluíram os efeitos fixos de sexo, ano e mês de nascimento do animal e idade da vaca ao parto. O modelo touro, ainda, incluiu ou não o efeito aleatório não correlacionado touro-época de nascimento. Houve evidências dessa interação para todas as características e dois tipos de análise

Estudo da interação genótipo x ambiente sobre características de crescimento de bovinos de corte utilizando-se inferência bayesiana.

Avaliou-se a interação genótipo ambiente em um rebanho da raça Canchim por meio de estimativas de parâmetros genéticos dos pesos à desmama e aos 12 meses de idade, do ganho de peso diário entre essas idades e do desempenho estimado por um índice obtido de componentes principais envolvendo essas três características. O ambiente foi representado por época de nascimento (primeiro e segundo semestres) e os parâmetros genéticos foram obtidos em análises bicaráter (mesma característica nas duas épocas), utilizando-se a metodologia de inferência bayesiana, por meio de amostrador de Gibbs, cujo modelo incluiu os efeitos fixos de sexo, ano e mês de nascimento do animal e idade da vaca ao parto (linear e quadrática) e os efeitos aleatórios de animal e resíduo. Houve evidências de interação genótipo ´ época de nascimento para as características estudadas, sugerindo que as avaliações genéticas e a seleção dos animais devem ser feitas considerando-se a existência dessa interação

Local and Remote Mean and Extreme Temperature Response to Regional Aerosol Emissions Reductions

The climatic implications of regional aerosol and precursor emissions reductions implemented to protect human health are poorly understood. We investigate the mean and extreme temperature response to regional changes in aerosol emissions using three coupled chemistryclimate models: NOAA GFDL CM3, NCAR CESM1, and NASA GISS-E2. Our approach contrasts a long present-day control simulation from each model (up to 400 years with perpetual year 2000 or 2005 emissions) with 14 individual aerosol emissions perturbation simulations (160240 years each). We perturb emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and/or carbonaceous aerosol within six world regions and assess the statistical significance of mean and extreme temperature responses relative to internal variability determined by the control simulation and across the models. In all models, the global mean surface temperature response (perturbation minus control) to SO2 and/or carbonaceous aerosol is mostly positive (warming) and statistically significant and ranges from +0.17 K (Europe SO2) to -0.06 K (US BC). The warming response to SO2 reductions is strongest in the US and Europe perturbation simulations, both globally and regionally, with Arctic warming up to 1 K due to a removal of European anthropogenic SO2 emissions alone; however, even emissions from regions remote to the Arctic, such as SO2 from India, significantly warm the Arctic by up to 0.5 K. Arctic warming is the most robust response across each model and several aerosol emissions perturbations. The temperature response in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes is most sensitive to emissions perturbations within that region. In the tropics, however, the temperature response to emissions perturbations is roughly the same in magnitude as emissions perturbations either within or outside of the tropics. We find that climate sensitivity to regional aerosol perturbations ranges from 0.5 to 1.0 K (W m(exp -2))(exp -1) depending on the region and aerosol composition and is larger than the climate sensitivity to a doubling of CO2 in two of three models. We update previous estimates of regional temperature potential (RTP), a metric for estimating the regional temperature responses to a regional emissions perturbation that can facilitate assessment of climate impacts with integrated assessment models without requiring computationally demanding coupled climate model simulations. These calculations indicate a robust regional response to aerosol forcing within the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes, regardless of where the aerosol forcing is located longitudinally. We show that regional aerosol perturbations can significantly increase extreme temperatures on the regional scale. Except in the Arctic in the summer, extreme temperature responses largely mirror mean temperature responses to regional aerosol perturbations through a shift of the temperature distributions and are mostly dominated by local rather than remote aerosol forcing

Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos e proposição de critérios de seleção para pesos na Raça Canchim.

Obter estimativas de herdabilidade e de correlações genéticas, fenotípicas e de ambiente para os pesos ao nascimento a desmama.Resumo

Correlações genéticas entre características reprodutivas e de crescimento de fêmeas da raça Canchim.

Estimaram-se correlações genéticas do peso aos 12 meses (P12) de idade com a idade (IPP) e o peso (PPP) ao primeiro parto, peso adulto (PAD) e parâmetros A e k da curva de Von Bertalanfly, em fêmeas da raca Canchim (5/8 Charoles + 3/8 Zebu). As correlações genéticas, obtidas pelo método de máxima verossimilhança restrita, foram iguais a: -0,32(IPP); 0,76(PPP); 0,37(parâmetro k) e 0,67 (PAD). Estes resultados sugerem que a seleção para aumentar P12 nas fêmeas deve provocar mudanças favoráveis em IPP e k, mas com aumentos no PPP,A e PAD