Development of Precise Load Prediction System for Free Forging of Ni-based Superalloy having Softening

AbstractNi-based superalloys such as Alloy 706 that have high heat resistance are applied to gas turbine disks in electric power plant because. Free forging is one of the effective forging processes to form superalloy products, and forging simulation is quite useful method to optimize forging schedule. Softening behaviour at high temperature was not considered and implemented in conventional simulation, that induced the accuracy of load prediction. In this study, we investigated softening behaviour to improve the accuracy of forging simulation

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薬物の生体内の動きを厳重に制御することを目的とした薬物治療の理想であるドラッグデリバリーシステム(DDS)は,国内外を問わず,医薬品の開発研究の中でも最も活発な研究分野の一つである。DDSの基本設計には,リザーバー型とモノリティック(マトリックス)型の徐放性固形製剤があるが,前者の薬物放出の速度定数は外層の網目構造の大きさとその均一性によって定まるため,網目の目の形成方法としてどの様な技術を選択し,工夫するかが問題となる。本研究では,プラズマ照射高分子に生成する表面ラジカルのESRスペクトル研究から得られた基礎的知見をもとに選定した高分子粉末を外層にする薬物含有二重錠剤,あるいは,高分子コーティング顆粒を調製し,これらの錠剤や顆粒へのプラズマ照射により,多孔性外層に変換させた新規リザーバー型DDSを構築した。本DDS構築法は,完全乾式過程であるために残留溶媒の危倶がない等の特徴に加え,外層高分子の選択およびプラズマ照射条件の制御により,広範な目的・用途に適合する薬物放出制御型DDSの構築が可能である。A new controlled release drug delivery system (DDS) was established by oxygen plasma irradiation (radio-frequency discharge at 13.56 MHz) on the outermost layer of a doubly compressed tablet consisting of drug as core material and various polymers as wall material. Polymers were selected on the basis of effects of plasma irradiation dependent on polymer structure such as polyoxymethylene (POM), typically a plasma-degradable polymer, polystyrene (PST), a plasma-crosslinkable polymer, polycarbonate (PC), a bifunctional polymer having plasma-degradable and crosslinkable positions in the molecular structure, polybenzylmethacrylate (PBzMA) having a plasma-degradable main chain and plasma-crosslinkable functional group in the side chain and copolymer of methylmethacrylate (MMA) and benzylmethacrylate (BzMA). To expand applications of this DDS in various dosage forms, theophylline release was studied from plasma-irradiated polymer-coated granules. The present approach is superior to other methods for producing DDS, such as avoidance of direct plasma-exposure to a drug, being a totally dry process to eliminate any work up required in conventional wet processes, and a limited surface so that bulk properties of polymeric pharmaceutical aids are not affected

Análisis de las comorbilidades en pacientes con colitis ulcerosa: una herramienta para prevenir las exacerbaciones en casos de colitis ulcerosa

There have been previous studies, especially in Western countries and even in some areas in Asia, about extra-intestinal manifestations (EIMs) and its link with the outcome of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC). This link is crucial when discussing a patient’s prognosis and important when dealing with UC management. The aim of this study was to clarify the most common comorbidities associated with UC, emphasizing immunologic comorbidities in Japan. This study was a retrospective analysis performed at Nagoya University Hospital. The data collection started in March, 2019, and continued for two years. We retrieved the medical records of 105 patients with UC diagnosis, from which the data of 176 EIMs were extracted and analyzed. Results showed that EIMs with UC in the active phase accounted for 43.7% of total EIMs. Twenty-six patients with immune-mediated inflammatory disease frequently had an active phase (odds ratio [OR] 3.84, 99% CI, 1.44–10.27). Comorbidities showing an active manifestation of symptoms and UC in the active phase were significantly correlated in patients with immunological comorbidities, such as peripheral arthritis (r = 0.97, p < 0.01) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (r = 0.99, p < 0.01), as well as in patients with primary sclerosis cholangitis (PSC) (r = 0.98, p < 0.01). In conclusion, this analysis suggests the importance of having full comprehension of how immunological comorbidities affect the natural development of UC, which is of vital importance to prevent further UC complications and properly adjust the management of the disease.Se trata de un análisis retrospectivo que estudia múltiples comorbilidades de índole inmunológico que se da en pacientes con colitis ulcerosa. Este estudio se llevó a cabo en el hospital universitario de la Universidad de Nagoya. Se recolectó datos de 105 pacientes con colitis ulcerosa, de los cuales 176 comorbilidades extraintestinales fueron analizadas. Se encontró que comorbilidades con manifestación activa de síntomas y con colitis ulcerosa en fase activa fueron significativamente correlacionadas en pacientes con comorbilidades inmunológicas, tales como artritis periféricas (r=O.97, P<O.OI ), artritis reumatoide (r=O.99, P<O.OI ), así como pacientes con colangitis esclerosa primaria (r=O.98, P<O.OI ). En conclusión, este análisis sugiere la importancia de tener plena comprensión de cómo las comorbilidades inmunológicas afectan el desarrollo natural de la colitis ulcerosa, lo cual es de vital importancia para prevenir mayores complicaciones de la colitis ulcerosa y ajustar adecuadamente el manejo de la enfermedad.Japón. Ministerio de Educación, Cultura, Deportes, Ciencia y Tecnología (Monbukagakusho)Artículo de investigació