624 research outputs found
The Hosotani Mechanism in Bulk Gauge Theories with an Orbifold Extra Space S^1/Z_2
We pursue the possibility of the scenario in which the Higgs field is
identified with the extra-space component of a bulk gauge field. The space-time
we take is M S/Z. We show that a non-trivial
Z-parity assignment allows some of the extra-space component to have
radiatively induced VEV, which strongly modifies the mass spectrum and gauge
symmetry of the theory, realized by oribifolding. In particular we investigate
the dynamical mass generation of zero-mode fermion and spontaneous gauge
symmetry breaking due to the VEV. The gauge theories we adopt are a prototype
model SU(2) and SU(3) model, of special interest as the realistic minimal
scheme to incorporate the standard model SU(2) U(1).Comment: 16 pages 3 figure
The Golden City on the Edge: Economic Geography and Jihad over Centuries
This paper uncovers the evolution of cities and Islamist insurgencies, so
called jihad, in the process of the reversal of fortune over the centuries. In
West Africa, water access in ancient periods predicts the locations of the core
cities of inland trade routes -- the trans-Saharan caravan routes -- founded up
to the 1800s, when historical Islamic states played significant economic roles
before European colonization. In contrast, ancient water access does not have a
persistent influence on contemporary city formation and economic activities.
After European colonization and the invention of modern trading technologies,
along with the constant shrinking of water sources, landlocked pre-colonial
core cities contracted or became extinct. Employing an instrumental variable
strategy, we show that these deserted locations have today been replaced by
battlefields for jihadist organizations. We argue that the power relations
between Islamic states and the European military during the 19th century
colonial era shaped the persistence of jihadist ideology as a legacy of
colonization. Investigations into religious ideology related to jihadism, using
individual-level surveys from Muslims, support this mechanism. Moreover, the
concentration of jihadist violence in "past-core-and-present-periphery" areas
in West Africa is consistent with a global-scale phenomenon. Finally,
spillovers of violent events beyond these stylized locations are partly
explained by organizational heterogeneity among competing factions (Al Qaeda
and the Islamic State) over time
Elongation/compaction of giant DNA caused by depletion interaction with a flexible polymer
Structural changes in giant DNA induced by the addition of the flexible polymer Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) were examined by the method of single-DNA observation. In dilute DNA conditions, individual DNA assumes a compact state via a discrete coil-globule transition, whereas in concentrated solution, DNA molecules exhibit an extended conformation via macroscopic phase segregation. The long-axis length of the stretched state in DNA is about 10(3) times larger than that of the compact state. Phase segregation at high DNA concentrations occurs at lower PEG concentrations than the compaction at low DNA concentrations. These opposite changes in the conformation of DNA molecule are interpreted in terms of the free energy, including depletion interaction. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics
Grand Unification from Gauge Theory on
The SU(5) grand unified theory (GUT) is derived from the geometrical point of
view of gauge theory on three-sheeted space-time, i.e.,
manifold without recourse to noncommutative geometry. A derivation of SO(10)
GUT is also discussed in the same point of view.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, style changed to revtex, added reference to
section 1, corrected typo
Quasilinear parabolic variational inequalities with time-dependent constraints
We study variational inequalities with time-dependent constraints for quasilinear parabolic PDE of divergence from. Introducing a general condition on the constraints, we prove existence. uniqueness and order property of solution. Some applications are given
Elliptic-parabolic variational inequalities with time-dependent constraints
We study variational inequalities for elliptic-parabolic eqnations with time-dependent constraints. Introducing a general condition for the time-dependence of convex sets defining the constraints, we establish theorems concerning existence, uniqueness as well as order property of solution. Some applications of the general results are given.Based on the intention of the author, we only register abstracts
Remarks on Hubble Induced Mass from Fermion Kinetic Term
We evaluate the effective mass of a scalar field which interacts with visible
sector via Planck-suppressed coupling in supergravity framework. We focus on
the radiation-dominated (RD) era after inflation and the contribution from a
fermionic field in the thermal bath. We find that, in RD era, the fermion
kinetic term gives the effective mass of the order of Hubble scale to the
scalar field.Comment: 8 pages, v2: minor corrections made, published in PL
Demand for weekend outpatient chemotherapy among patients with cancer in Japan
Background
Advanced cancer therapeutics have improved patient survival, leading to an increase in the number of patients who require long-term outpatient chemotherapy. However, the available schedule options for chemotherapy are generally limited to traditional business hours.
Method
In 2017, we surveyed 721 patients with cancer in Okayama, Japan, regarding their preferences for evening and weekend (Friday evening, Saturday, and Sunday) chemotherapy appointments.
Results
A preference for evening and weekend appointment options was indicated by 37% of the respondents. Patients who requested weekend chemotherapy were younger, female, with no spouse or partner, living alone, employed, and currently receiving treatment. Among these factors, age and employment status were significantly associated with a preference for weekend chemotherapy, according to multivariate analysis.
Conclusion
Our findings reveal a demand for evening and weekend outpatient chemotherapy, especially among young, employed patients
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