La sanidad en viveros forestales: un caso exitoso de construcción interinstitucional.

El manejo sanitario representa un gran desafío para los productores viveristas y la adopción de tecnologías e intercambio de conocimientos resultan elementosestratégicos en este primer eslabón para contribuir al desarrollo del sector. En los últimos años, se han puesto en marcha una serie de iniciativas por partede las instituciones con competencias en producción, investigación y gestión en protección en el área fitosanitaria forestal, para atender en forma particularal sector viverista forestal. De este proceso colaborativo entre instituciones y empresas comienzan a verse los primeros frutos

Hacia un programa de control biológico de la avispa agalladora del eucalipto.

El pasado viernes 22 de febrero se introdujo por primera vez al país la avispa parasitoide Selitrichodes neseri (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) como agente de control biológico de la avispa agalladora del eucalipto Leptocybe invasa. Esta introducción, que permitirá reducir el impacto de esta plaga sobre nuestras plantaciones forestales, es el resultado de una importante coordinación del sector forestal en materia de plagas y enfermedades

Effectiveness landscape of crop pollinator assemblages: Implications to pollination service management

There is a growing consensus that the world is facing a pollination crisis. To mitigate crop pollination deficits, some management strategies include the massive introduction of managed bee species, yet quite often they are applied blindly, as information on crop pollination effectiveness for each single pollinator species of assemblages is usually not available. Therefore, the introduction on managed species is not always the best option to improve crop yields. Here, by using the highly pollinator-dependent alfalfa crop (Medicago sativa L.) as a case study, we propose the use of the effectiveness landscape framework to identify key crop pollinator species. According to this framework, in a mutualistic interaction, each species´ effectiveness is represented by the product of a quantitative component and a qualitative one, these being measures of the outcomes of this interaction. We applied this framework for two managed and four wild bee species that visit alfalfa in fields southwest of Buenos Aires province, Argentina. We dissected the quantity components of the pollinator effectiveness landscape by estimating two quantitative subcomponents: visitation rate and flower tripping rate. Also, we estimate pod set as a qualitative component without dissecting it in subcomponents. Our results showed that the contribution of both components and the resulting pollinator effectiveness varied among pollinator species, indicating a contrasting effectiveness of different bee species on alfalfa pollination. For example, pollinator effectiveness was higher for managed than for wild bees, as consequence of their very high visitation rate, however, wild bee flower tripping rate and pod set were as high as managed ones. In fact, wild bees were more effective in promoting flower tripping than one of the managed bees (A. mellifera). This approach allowed us to assess which effectiveness components and subcomponents make pollinator species more or less effective, thus providing valuable information to identify key species to be enhanced to help in closing yield gaps. We suggest that the application of the effectiveness landscape framework would be useful to develop strategies to improve crop pollination service in pollinator-dependent crop systems.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio