10,174 research outputs found
GRASP: A New Search Algorithm for Satisfiability
This paper introduces GRASP (Generic search Algorithm J3r the Satisfiabilily Problem), an integrated algorithmic J3amework 30r SAT that unifies several previously proposed searchpruning techniques and jcilitates identification of additional ones. GRASP is premised on the inevitability of conflicts during search and its most distinguishingjature is the augmentation of basic backtracking search with a powerful conflict analysis procedure. Analyzing conflicts to determine their causes enables GRASP to backtrack non-chronologically to earlier levels in the search tree, potentially pruning large portions of the search space. In addition, by 'ecording" the causes of conflicts, GRASP can recognize and preempt the occurrence of similar conflicts later on in the search. Einally, straighrward bookkeeping of the causali y chains leading up to conflicts a/lows GRASP to identij) assignments that are necessary jr a solution to be found. Experimental results obtained jom a large number of benchmarks, including many J3om the field of test pattern generation, indicate that application of the proposed conflict analysis techniques to SAT algorithms can be extremely ejctive jr a large number of representative classes of SAT instances
Boolean Satisfiability in Electronic Design Automation
Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) is often used as the underlying model for a significant and increasing number of applications in Electronic Design Automation (EDA) as well as in many other fields of Computer Science and Engineering. In recent years, new and efficient algorithms for SAT have been developed, allowing much larger problem instances to be solved. SAT âpackagesâ are currently expected to have an impact on EDA applications similar to that of BDD packages since their introduction more than a decade ago. This tutorial paper is aimed at introducing the EDA professional to the Boolean satisfiability problem. Specifically, we highlight the use of SAT models to formulate a number of EDA problems in such diverse areas as test pattern generation, circuit delay computation, logic optimization, combinational equivalence checking, bounded model checking and functional test vector generation, among others. In addition, we provide an overview of the algorithmic techniques commonly used for solving SAT, including those that have seen widespread use in specific EDA applications. We categorize these algorithmic techniques, indicating which have been shown to be best suited for which tasks
Renormalization of Optical Excitations in Molecules near a Metal Surface
The lowest electronic excitations of benzene and a set of donor-acceptor
molecular complexes are calculated for the gas phase and on the Al(111) surface
using the many-body Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE). The energy of the
charge-transfer excitations obtained for the gas phase complexes are found to
be around 10% lower than the experimental values. When the molecules are placed
outside the surface, the enhanced screening from the metal reduces the exciton
binding energies by several eVs and the transition energies by up to 1 eV
depending on the size of the transition-generated dipole. As a striking
consequence we find that close to the metal surface the optical gap of benzene
can exceed its quasiparticle gap. A classical image charge model for the
screened Coulomb interaction can account for all these effects which, on the
other hand, are completely missed by standard time-dependent density functional
theory.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures; revised versio
Ab-initio angle and energy resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with time-dependent density-functional theory
We present a time-dependent density-functional method able to describe the
photoelectron spectrum of atoms and molecules when excited by laser pulses.
This computationally feasible scheme is based on a geometrical partitioning
that efficiently gives access to photoelectron spectroscopy in time-dependent
density-functional calculations. By using a geometrical approach, we provide a
simple description of momentum-resolved photoe- mission including multi-photon
effects. The approach is validated by comparison with results in the literature
and exact calculations. Furthermore, we present numerical photoelectron angular
distributions for randomly oriented nitrogen molecules in a short near infrared
intense laser pulse and helium-(I) angular spectra for aligned carbon monoxide
and benzene.Comment: Accepted for publication on Phys. Rev.
R-symmetric Gauge Mediation and the MRSSM
This is an invited summary of a seminar talk given at various institutions in
the United States and Canada. After a brief introduction, a review of the
minimal R-symmetric supersymmetric standard model is given, and the benefits to
the flavor sector are discussed. R-symmetric gauge mediation is an attempt to
realize this model using metastable supersymmetry breaking techniques. Sample
low energy spectra are presented and tuning is discussed. Various other
phenomenological results are summarized.Comment: 14 pages, invited Brief Review, submitted to Modern Physics Letters
A; v2: replaced Figure 1, updated acknowledgments, fixed typo
Can optical spectroscopy directly elucidate the ground state of C20?
The optical response of the lowest energy members of the C20 family is
calculated using time-dependent density functional theory within a real-space,
real-time scheme. Significant differences are found among the spectra of the
different isomers, and thus we propose optical spectroscopy as a tool for
experimental investigation of the structure of these important clusters.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures. To be published in J. Chem. Phy
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