Phylogeny and Origin of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency Mutations in Indonesia

The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between the types of G6PD mutations found in Indonesia and the relationships of mutations found in Indonesia to those found in other countries. We summarize the distribution of G6PDs in West Indonesia and East Indonesia. Moreover, we use bioinformatics methods to construct phylogenetic trees and compare the sequences containing the regions amplifi ed by the commonly used PCR primer pairs. Previous work has shown that Mediterranean G6PD and Chinese CoimbraG6PDare distributed in West Indonesia, whilst G6PD mutations in East Indonesia are Jammu/ViangchanG6PD and Chinese Gaohe G6PD. G6PD Jammu/Viangchan was mostly distributed in Flores Island, East Indonesia along with G6PDGaohe. We constructed phylogenetic trees using the G6PD sequences from various regions in Indonesia and other countries. It appears from phylogenetic trees and percentages of identity that FloresIndonesian G6PD defi ciency (Jammu/Viangchan G6PD, originating in India) is 92.5% identical to the G6PD defi ciency of Chinese origin (GaoheG6PD). It was interesting to note that the genetic region containing the Javanese Indonesian G6PD defi ciency (MediterraneanG6PD, fi rst found in Italy) located in the western parts of Indonesia is closely related (99% identity) to the Chinese G6PD defi ciency(Coimbra G6PD). We concludethat G6PD mutations in West Indonesia are closely related to G6PD mutations from China. G6PD mutations in East Indonesia are also closely related to G6PD mutations from India and China, but more distantly, and to different types to those in West Indonesia. A prediction of protein structure was carried out which allowed visualization of the locations of mutation on the three dimensional structure of G6PD. Key words: G6PD, phylogeny, origin, genetic mutation

Phylogeny and Origin of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Defi ciency Mutations in Indonesia

The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between the types of G6PD mutations found in Indonesia and the relationships of mutations found in Indonesia to those found in other countries. We summarize the distribution of G6PDs in West Indonesia and East Indonesia. Moreover, we use bioinformatics methods to construct phylogenetic trees and compare the sequences containing the regions amplifi ed by the commonly used PCR primer pairs. Previous work has shown that Mediterranean G6PD and Chinese CoimbraG6PDare distributed in West Indonesia, whilst G6PD mutations in East Indonesia are Jammu/ViangchanG6PD and Chinese Gaohe G6PD. G6PD Jammu/Viangchan was mostly distributed in Flores Island, East Indonesia along with G6PDGaohe. We constructed phylogenetic trees using the G6PD sequences from various regions in Indonesia and other countries. It appears from phylogenetic trees and percentages of identity that FloresIndonesian G6PD defi ciency (Jammu/Viangchan G6PD, originating in India) is 92.5% identical to the G6PD defi ciency of Chinese origin (GaoheG6PD). It was interesting to note that the genetic region containing the Javanese Indonesian G6PD defi ciency (MediterraneanG6PD, fi rst found in Italy) located in the western parts of Indonesia is closely related (99% identity) to the Chinese G6PD defi ciency(Coimbra G6PD). We concludethat G6PD mutations in West Indonesia are closely related to G6PD mutations from China. G6PD mutations in East Indonesia are also closely related to G6PD mutations from India and China, but more distantly, and to different types to those in West Indonesia. A prediction of protein structure was carried out which allowed visualization of the locations of mutation on the three dimensional structure of G6PD.Key words: G6PD, phylogeny, origin, genetic mutations</div

Efektivitas Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) terhadap Produktivitas dan Siklus Bertelur Ayam Lokal (EFFECTIVENESS OF FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH)ON THE PRODUCTIVITY AND EGG LAYING CYCLE OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL)

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Influenza A Virus: Phylogeny of Neuraminidase Primers and Amplification of Polymerase Basic Protein 2 and Neuraminidase Genes

Influenza A virus is a highly contagious agent that causes bird flu. To date, 16 hemagglutinin (HA) and 9 neuraminidase (NA) subtypes are identified antigenically and can form any combinations or mutations with each other to confer non or low pathogenic to high pathogenic strains. Mutations in viral segments that are derived from avian isolates represent a novel subtypes to which human population is infected by influenza pandemics. In this work, polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) gene segment of 8 different avian influenza subtypes were cloned to obtain more DNA samples for future work such as PB2 sequencing and to test HA primer annealing with PB2 gene. PCR amplification of NA gene segment of 3 different avian influenza subtypes was the second aim of this work to test primer universal for NA genes. Determination of the aligned sequences between 9 NA subtypes and NA primer PCR products was the second aim of this work, based on BLAST result homology 100% and phylogenetic trees of clusta

Penatalaksanaan Fisioterapi pada Pasien Bell’s Palsy

Permasalahan bell’s palsy adalah ketidakmampuan mulut dan mata menutup secara sempurna pada sisi wajah yang terkena masalah karena kelumpuhan otot wajahsehingga menyebabkan gangguan kemampuan fungsional. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian studi kasus. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah dua pasien yang merupakan pasien di Rumah Sakit Swasta di Surabaya. Instrumen Penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah Ugo Fisch untuk menentukan kemampuan fungsional wajah dan Manual Muscle Test (MMT) wajahuntuk menentukan kekuatan otot wajah. Permasalahan responden penelitian ini adalah adanya penurunan kekuatan otot wajah dan kemampuan fungsional otot wajah pasien. Setelah menjalani intervensi fisioterapi selama satu bulan dengan menggunakan Infra Red Diathermy (IRD), mirror exercise dan massage wajah, evaluasi menunjukkan hasil yang baik yaitu nilai ugo fisch mendekati nilai normal dan kekuatan otot wajah meningkat. Dengan demikian intervensi fisioterapi berupa IRD, mirror exercise dan massage dikatakan berhasil untuk meningkatkan kekuatan otot dan kemampuan fungsional wajah pada passion Bell’s Pals

Racism as a public health issue in environmental health disparities and environmental justice: working toward solutions

Abstract Background Environmental health research in the US has shown that racial and ethnic minorities and members of low-socioeconomic groups, are disproportionately burdened by harmful environmental exposures, in their homes, workplace, and neighborhood environments that impact their overall health and well-being. Systemic racism is a fundamental cause of these disproportionate exposures and associated health effects. To invigorate and inform current efforts on environmental justice and to raise awareness of environmental racism, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) hosted a workshop where community leaders, academic researchers, and NIEHS staff shared perspectives and discussed ways to inform future work to address health disparities. Objectives To share best practices learned and experienced in partnerships between academic researchers and communities that are addressing environmental racism across the US; and to outline critical needs and future actions for NIEHS, other federal agencies, and anyone who is interested in conducting or funding research that addresses environmental racism and advances health equity for all communities. Discussion Through this workshop with community leaders and researchers funded by NIEHS, we learned that partnerships between academics and communities hold great promise for addressing environmental racism; however, there are still profound obstacles. To overcome these barriers, translation of research into plain language and health-protective interventions is needed. Structural changes are also needed in current funding mechanisms and training programs across federal agencies. We also learned the importance of leveraging advances in technology to develop creative solutions that can protect public health

Tocilizumab for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The single-arm TOCIVID-19 prospective trial

BackgroundTocilizumab blocks pro-inflammatory activity of interleukin-6 (IL-6), involved in pathogenesis of pneumonia the most frequent cause of death in COVID-19 patients.MethodsA multicenter, single-arm, hypothesis-driven trial was planned, according to a phase 2 design, to study the effect of tocilizumab on lethality rates at 14 and 30 days (co-primary endpoints, a priori expected rates being 20 and 35%, respectively). A further prospective cohort of patients, consecutively enrolled after the first cohort was accomplished, was used as a secondary validation dataset. The two cohorts were evaluated jointly in an exploratory multivariable logistic regression model to assess prognostic variables on survival.ResultsIn the primary intention-to-treat (ITT) phase 2 population, 180/301 (59.8%) subjects received tocilizumab, and 67 deaths were observed overall. Lethality rates were equal to 18.4% (97.5% CI: 13.6-24.0, P=0.52) and 22.4% (97.5% CI: 17.2-28.3, P&lt;0.001) at 14 and 30 days, respectively. Lethality rates were lower in the validation dataset, that included 920 patients. No signal of specific drug toxicity was reported. In the exploratory multivariable logistic regression analysis, older age and lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio negatively affected survival, while the concurrent use of steroids was associated with greater survival. A statistically significant interaction was found between tocilizumab and respiratory support, suggesting that tocilizumab might be more effective in patients not requiring mechanical respiratory support at baseline.ConclusionsTocilizumab reduced lethality rate at 30 days compared with null hypothesis, without significant toxicity. Possibly, this effect could be limited to patients not requiring mechanical respiratory support at baseline.Registration EudraCT (2020-001110-38); clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04317092)