Brain and ventricular volume in patients with syndromic and complex craniosynostosis

textabstractPurpose: Brain abnormalities in patients with syndromic craniosynostosis can either be a direct result of the genetic defect or develop secondary to compression due to craniosynostosis, raised ICP or hydrocephalus. Today it is unknown whether children with syndromic craniosynostosis have normal brain volumes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate brain and ventricular volume measurements in patients with syndromic and complex craniosynostosis. This knowledge will improve our understanding of brain development and the origin of raised intracranial pressure in syndromic craniosynostosis. Methods: Brain and ventricular volumes were calculated from MRI scans of patients with craniosynostosis, 0.3 to 18.3 years of age. Brain volume was compared to age matched controls from the literature. All patient charts were reviewed to look for possible predictors of brain and ventricular volume. Results: Total brain volume in syndromic craniosynostosis equals that of normal controls, in the age range of 1 to 12 years. Brain growth occurred particularly in the first 5 years of age, after which it stabilized. Within the studied population, ventricular volume was significantly larger in Apert syndrome compared to all other syndromes and in patients with a Chiari I malformation. Conclusions: Patients with syndromic craniosynostosis have a normal total brain volume compared to normal controls. Increased ventricular volume is associated with Apert syndrome and Chiari I malformations, which is most commonly found in Crouzon syndrome. We advice screening of all patients with Apert and Crouzon syndrome for the development of enlarged ventricle volume and the presence of a Chiari I malformation

Redescription of adults of Simulium jeteri (Py-Daniel, Darwich, Mardini, Strieder & Coscarón, 2005) (Diptera: Simuliidae)

Do Nascimento, Jeane M. C., Hamada, Neusa, Pepinelli, Mateus, Mardini, Lúcia B. L. F. (2019): Redescription of adults of Simulium jeteri (Py-Daniel, Darwich, Mardini, Strieder & Coscarón, 2005) (Diptera: Simuliidae). Zootaxa 4563 (2): 249-266, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.

FIGURE 15 in Redescription of adults of Simulium jeteri (Py-Daniel, Darwich, Mardini, Strieder & Coscarón, 2005) (Diptera: Simuliidae)

FIGURE 15. Simulium jeteri and Simulium itaunense (Diptera: Simuliidae) male ventral plates. (A–C) Simulium jeteri; (D–F) Simulium itaunense. (A, D) Ventral view. (B, E) Lateral view. (C, F) Ventral view with distal margin tilted dorsally (arrow indicates ventral keel)

Prevalência do aleitamento materno no Distrito Federal, Brasil Prevalence of breast-feeding in Brasilia, Brazil

O artigo relata os resultados de um inquérito transversal, de base populacional, realizado em Dia Nacional de Vacinação. Um grupo de 3.305 mães, com filhos na faixa etária de 0 a 180 dias, selecionado por amostragem sistemática, foi entrevistado com questionário pré-testado. A prevalência do aleitamento materno exclusivo, na faixa etária de 0-15 dias, foi de 62% (intervalo de confiança de 95%: 58,5-65,3) e de 12,8% (11,0-14,7), na faixa etária de 151-180 dias. A duração mediana do aleitamento materno exclusivo correspondeu a 39,4 dias. O aleitamento predominante manteve-se constante ao longo dos intervalos etários, com uma prevalência média de 33,1% (31,4-34,7), enquanto o parcial variou de 4,5% (3,1-6,4) a 28,4% (25,8-31,0), nas idades mencionadas. Para o aleitamento materno (todas as modalidades), a prevalência foi de 96,8% (95,8-97,7) e 70,9% (67,7-73,9), respectivamente. Em conclusão, a prevalência do aleitamento materno no Distrito Federal é elevada, mas é curto o período em que as crianças são amamentadas exclusivamente ao seio.<br>This article presents the findings of a population-based cross-sectional survey carried out during a mass immunization campaign. A group of 3,305 mothers whose babies were 0 to 180 days old was selected by systematic sampling and interviewed with a pretested questionnaire. The prevalence of exclusive breast-feeding among 0-15 day-old children was 62% (IC 95%: 58.5-65.3) and 12.8% (11.0-14.7), among 151-180 day-old children. The average duration of exclusive breast-feeding was 39.4 days. The prevalence of predominant breast-feeding was invariable along the age intervals showing a mean of 33.1% (31.4-34.7). The prevalence of partial breast-feeding among 0-15 day-old children was 4.5% (3.1-6.4) and 28.4% (25.8-31.0) for the mentioned age groups. For maternal breast-feeding, the overall prevalence varied from 96.8% (95.8-97.7) to 70.9% (67.7-73.9). In conclusion, although the overall prevalence of breast-feeding in Brasilia is relatively high, the period that children are exclusively breast-fed is short