El fenómeno Camilleri

La intervención del Prof. Giuseppe Marci, Catedrático de Filología Italiana de la Universidad de Cagliari, tuvo lugar durante unas jornadas organizadas por el Dr. Giovanni Caprara de la Universidad de Málaga. Las jornadas tuvieron lugar en Málaga, los días 13 y 14 de noviembre de 2014, con motivo de la presentación del Taller de Lectura organizado por Culturitalia y bajo el patrocinio de: Universidad de Málaga, Istituto Italiano di Cultura (Madrid), Centro Andaluz de las Letras (Junta de Andalucía), Dante Alighieri - Málaga y Escuela Oficial de Idiomas (Málaga).Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Mediterraneo camilleriano

Andrea Camilleri nei suoi romanzi storici, civili e polizieschi delinea un universo con caratteri propri, una geografia inevitabilmente intrecciata alla storia del paese simbolo, Vigàta, nel quale l’avventura narrativa dello scrittore siciliano si ambienta e s’incardina. Il Mediterraneo camilleriano, così coinvolto con la modernità, affonda le radici in una tradizione letteraria antica che, per rimanere all’Italia, risale almeno al Boccaccio, nelle cui novelle già troviamo un mare percorso da viaggiatori affidati alle incertezze dei venti e della fortuna. Un mare che diviene teatro del confronto tra visioni del mondo e credi religiosi differenti, non di rado in duro contrasto; talora capaci di trovare ragionevoli modalità d’intesa. Un mare ricco di insidie, ma anche di doni, primo fra tutti quello dell’incontro: che tale è per chi sappia coglierne il valore; come Camilleri sembra suggerire nei romanzi polizieschi, di cui è protagonista il commissario Montalbano, che dipingono una mediterraneità contemporanea drammatica ma non priva di speranza

Sciascia e Camilleritra Racconto e Cronaca Sociale

In “a very strange guide” of Bahia, Jorge Amado proposes a self-definition that can also be used to explain an aspect, not secondary, of the narrative work by Leonardo Sciascia and Andrea Camilleri: “They tell what they lived, the hero of their books is the people, their goal is to achieve the future”. Sciascia, to talk about his first work (which will be entitled Le parrocchie di Regalpetra), uses the term “cronaca” (that appears in the title of the chapter “Cronache scolastiche”): chronicles of a village – Regalpetra – a place the writer knows very well, in its social and historical physiognomy, which he can write about, because he lived it. Camilleri, in the same way, not only in historical, civil, and crime novels, but also in writings of minor narrative structure, when not occasional, as may be the pages that describe some aspects of Porto Empedocle, in which the author explicitly qualifies herself as a witness (“I saw from my terrace”). Both Italian writers tell what they know – each with their own narrative strategy and with their own world view – and constitute the people as the hero of their books. More complex is to say if they consider (as the Brazilian writer) that the goal to be achieved is the future, and what it would mean, for one and the other, the idea of future: which its political and social tone is, which (and several) moods compose the concept, destined to innervate vivid narrative pages.Nella “guida ben strana” di Bahia, Jorge Amado propone un’autodefinizione che può essere impiegata anche per spiegare un aspetto, non secondario, dell’opera narrativa di Leonardo Sciascia e Andrea Camilleri: “Racconta quel che sa per averlo vissuto, eroe dei suoi libri è il popolo, la sua meta da raggiungere è l’avvenire”. Per dire del suo primo scritto (che prenderà il titolo Le parrocchie di Regalpetra), Sciascia impiega il termine “cronaca” (che compare nel titolo del capitolo “Cronache scolastiche”): cronache di un paese – Regalpetra – che lo scrittore conosce a fondo, nella fisionomia storica e sociale, e in relazione al quale può scrivere in quanto sa per averlo vissuto. Allo stesso modo Camilleri, nei romanzi storici e civili come in quelli polizieschi, ma anche in scritti di minore strutturazione narrativa, se non addirittura occasionali, come possono essere le pagine che descrivono alcuni aspetti di Porto Empedocle, implicitamente o esplicitamente si qualifica come testimone (“vidi dal mio balcone”). Anche i due scrittori italiani raccontano quello che sanno, dunque, e – ciascuno con la propria strategia narrativa e con la visione del mondo che gli appartiene – costituiscono il popolo quale eroe dei loro libri. Più complesso dire se (come lo scrittore brasiliano) ritengano che la meta da raggiungere sia l’avvenire e che cosa poi significhi, per l’uno e per l’altro, l’idea di avvenire: di quali tonalità politiche e sociali si colori, da quali (e diversissimi) umori sia composto quel concetto, destinato a innervare vivide pagine narrative.No “bem um estranho guia” da Bahia, Jorge Amado propõe uma autodefinição que também pode ser utilizada para explicar um aspecto nada secundário da obra narrativa de Leonardo Sciascia e Andrea Camilleri: “Narra o que sabe por tê-lo vivido, herói de seus livros é o povo, sua meta a alcançar é o porvir”. Para falar de seu primeiro escrito (que se intitulará Le parrocchie di Regalpetra), Sciascia utiliza o termo “cronaca” (que aparece no título do capítulo “Cronache scolastiche”): crônicas de um lugarejo – Regalpetra – que o escritor conhece a fundo, em sua fisionomia histórica e social, e com relação ao qual pode escrever, pois sabe por tê-lo vivido. Da mesma maneira, Camilleri – nos romances históricos e civis, assim como nos policiais, mas também em escritos de menor estruturação narrativa, se não mesmo ocasionais, como podem ser as páginas que descrevem alguns aspectos de Porto Empedocle – implícita ou explicitamente se qualifica como testemunha (“vi de meu terraço”). Também os dois escritores italianos contam o que sabem, portanto, e – cada qual com a própria estratégia narrativa e com a visão do mundo que lhes pertence – constituem o povo como herói de seus livros. Mais complexo é dizer se (como o escritor brasileiro) consideram que a meta a ser alcançada seria o porvir, e o que afinal significaria, para um e para outro, a ideia do porvir: de que tonalidades políticas e sociais se colore, de quais (e diversíssimos) humores é composto o conceito, destinado a estimular vívidas páginas narrativas

Isole e continenti, letterature e identità: attraversando le frontiere del Sud

The Mediterranean Sea is the liquida frontiera which has become an archetype reproduced in literature and  in films. It is a border in the sense of a transit place, a meeting place that fosters dialogues between peoples  coming from different realities, each of them speaking their own language, and pursuing economical and political interests that are often in contrast.   Such variety has not always been considered an enrichment; on the contrary, it has undergone a process of  schematization, resulting in a repertoire of stereotypes and images produced by an external and judging  perspective.   We are indebted to literature – to Giovanni Verga, Federico De Roberto, Luigi Capuana, Luigi Pirandello,  Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa, Leonardo Sciascia, Gesualdo Bufalino, Andrea Camilleri – for providing  us with a more truthful narration which reproduces the phenomenon in all its complexity, including the  description of the present process of reciprocal adjustment.Il Mediterraneo è la liquida frontiera in cui si è creato un archetipo riprodotto nei racconti letterari e nei  film.   Frontiera intesa come luogo del transito, dell’incontro e del colloquio fra popoli che provengono da realtà  diverse, parlano ciascuno la propria lingua, hanno interessi economici e politici non di rado in contrasto.  Tale ricchezza è stata spesso schematizzata in un repertorio di stereotipi e di immagini prodotte da uno  sguardo esterno e giudicante.   Dobbiamo invece alla letteratura – a Giovanni Verga, Federico De Roberto, Luigi Capuana, Luigi  Pirandello, Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa, Leonardo Sciascia, Gesualdo Bufalino, Andrea Camilleri –  una più veridica narrazione che restituisce il fenomeno in tutta la sua problematicità, fino ad arrivare a  descrivere l’attuale processo di omologazione reciproca

Photocatalytic CO2 reduction in gas-solid regime in the presence of H2O by using GaP/TiO2 composite as photocatalyst under simulated solar light

GaP/TiO2 composites exhibited a remarkable photocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction in the presence of water vapor producing methane. By decreasing the GaP:TiO2 mass ratio an increase in the photocatalytic activity of the composite was observed for up to a 1:10 mass ratio. The photocatalytic activity of the composite can be attributed to the band structures of the solids as well as to the efficient charge transfer between GaP and TiO2 heterojunction

Comparison of Ten Metal-Doped LaFeO3 Samples on Photocatalytic Degradation of Antibiotics in Water under Visible Light: Role of Surface Area and Aqueous Phosphate Ions

Doping semiconducting oxides, such as LaFeO3 (LF), with metallic elements is a good strategy to improve the performance of photocatalysts. In this study, LF and ten different nanopowders metal-doped at the La or Fe site of LaFeO3 were evaluated in the photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin (CP) and oxytetracycline (OTC). The following metals were used in the doping (mol%) process of LF: Pd 3% and 5%; Cu 10%; Mg 5%, 10%, and 20%; Ga 10%; Y 10% and 20%; and Sr 20%. The doped samples were synthetized using a citrate auto-combustion technique. From the X-ray diffraction (XRD) data, only a single crystalline phase, namely an orthorhombic perovskite structure, was observed except for trace amounts of PdO in the sample with Pd 5%. The specific surface area (SSA) ranged from 9 m(2) g(-1) (Ga 10%) to 20 m(2) g(-1) (Mg 20%). SEM images show that all samples were constituted from agglomerates of particles whose sizes ranged from ca. 20 nm (Mg 20%) to ca. 100 nm (Pd 5%). Dilute aqueous solutions (5 x 10(-6) M) prepared for both CP and OTC were irradiated for 240 min under visible-light and in the presence of H2O2 (10(-2) M). The results indicate a 78% removal of OTC with Cu 10% doped LF in a phosphate buffer (pH = 5.0). The degradation of CP is affected by pH and phosphate ions, with 78% (in unbuffered solution) and 54% (in phosphate buffer, pH = 5.0) removal achieved with Mg 10% doped LF. The reactions follow a pseudo-first order kinetic. Overall, this study is expected to deepen the assessment of photocatalytic activity by using substrates with different absorption capacities on photocatalysts

Genotoxicity of citrus wastewater in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and efficiency of heterogeneous photocatalysis by TiO2

The presence of (±)a-pinene, (+)b-pinene, (+)3-carene, and R-(+)limonene terpenes in wastewater of a citrus transformation factory was detected and analyzed, in a previous study, by using Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) followed by GC analyses. Purpose of that research was to compare the genotoxic responses of mixtures of terpenes with the genotoxicity of the individual compounds, and the biological effects of actual wastewater. Genotoxicity was evaluated in the Salmonella reversion assay (Ames test) and in V79 cells by Comet assay. Ames tests indicated that the four single terpenes did not induce an increase of revertants frequency. On the contrary, the mixtures of terpenes caused, in the presence of metabolic activation, a highly significant increase of the revertants in TA100 strain in comparison to the control. The Comet assay showed a significant increase in DNA damage in V79 cells treated for 1 h with single or mixed terpenes. Moreover, the actual wastewater was found highly genotoxic in bacterial and mammalian cells. Photocatalytic tests completely photodegraded the pollutants present in aqueous wastewater and the initial high genotoxicity of samples of wastewater collected during the photocatalytic run, was completely lose in 3 h of irradiation

Strontium and iron-doped barium cobaltite prepared by solution combustion synthesis: exploring a mixed-fuel approach for tailored intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell cathode materials

Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3–δ (BSCF) powders were prepared by solution combustion synthesis using single and double fuels. The effect of the fuel mixture on the main properties of this well-known solid oxide fuel cell cathode material with high oxygen ion and electronic conduction was investigated in detail. Results showed that the fuel mixture significantly affected the area-specific resistance of the BSCF cathode materials, by controlling the oxygen deficiency and stabilizing the Co2+ oxidation state. It was demonstrated that high fuel-to-metal cations molar ratios and high reducing power of the combustion fuel mixture are mainly responsible for the decreasing of the area-specific resistance of BSCF cathode materials. Moreover, a new metastable monoclinic phase with Ba0.5Sr0.5CO3 composition was discovered in the as-burned BSCF powders, enlarging the existing information on the BSCF phase formation mechanis

SrNiO3 perovskite/CeO2 composites as heterogeneous photocatalysts for the 2-propanol oxidation in gas–solid regime

Both SrNiO3 perovskite and CeO2 are materials suitable for photocatalytic purposes. In this work, the preparation and physicochemical characterization of bare SrNiO3 and CeO2 along with composites where CeO2 was enriched with the perovskite from 15 to 70 % in mass of SrNiO3 in the composite are described. The materials have been used for the photocatalytic oxidation of 2-propanol in gas–solid regime in the presence of UV-LED or simulated solar irradiation. The solids were characterized by XRD, SEM/EDX, N2 adsorption/desorption and FTIR and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopies. The composite containing 15 % w/w of SrNiO3 and 85 % w/w of CeO2 resulted the most active, giving rise the complete degradation of 2-propanol after 1.5 h or 6.0 h of irradiation by UV-LED and simulated solar light irradiation, respectively. Photocatalytic activity results are discussed considering the physical–chemical properties on the catalysts