Identificacao de Tospovirus em hortalicas no Submedio Sao Francisco utilizando DAS-ELISA e Dot-ELISA.

Coletaram-se 216 amostras de folhas com sintomas suspeitos de vira-cabeca, de plantas de tomate (128), cebola (55), pimentao (16) e alface (17), em 22 lotes dos Perimetros Irrigados Senador Nilo Coelho (Petrolina- PE) e Mandacaru, Juazeiro- BA e, Fazenda Brilhante, Municipio de Santa Maria da Boa Vista- PE. A identificacao das especies de tospovirus foi feita em formato DAS-ELISA (double antibody sandwich) (tomate, alface e pementao) e em Dot-ELISA (cebola), segundo a divergencia da proteina do nucleocapsideo (N), utilizando-se um painel de anti-soros policlonais contra as especies de tospovirus: Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Tomato chlrotic spot virus (TCSV), Groundnut ring spot virus (GRSV), Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) e um isolado de cebola (BR-10). A especie de tospovirus GRSV foi detectado, com reacao positiva para 94 (43.52%) das 140 amostras coletadas, sendo 64 de tomate (50% das amostras coletadas para a cultura), 16 de alface (94.11%) e 14 de pimentao (87.5%). Das 55 amostras de cebola, 46 (83.63%) reagiram exclusivamente com anti-soro de um isolado de cebola, BR-10. As outras 76 amostras mostraram reacao negativa para estas especies de tospovirus. Nenhum isolado de TSWV, TCSV ou INSV foi detectado. Observou-se que a incidencia de vira-cabeca variou de 5-100% nas areas de tomate visitadas

A prenylated dsRNA sensor protects against severe COVID-19

INTRODUCTION Interferons (IFNs) are cytokines that are rapidly deployed in response to invading pathogens. By initiating a signaling cascade that stimulates the expression of hundreds of genes, IFNs create an antiviral state in host cells. Because IFNs heavily influence COVID-19 outcomes, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication can be inhibited by the antiviral state, it is important to understand how the individual antiviral effectors encoded by IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) inhibit SARS-CoV-2. RATIONALE We hypothesized that IFN-stimulated antiviral effectors can inhibit SARS-CoV-2, and that variation at the loci encoding these defenses underlies why some people are more susceptible to severe COVID-19. RESULTS We used arrayed ISG expression screening to reveal that 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1) consistently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 in different contexts. Using CRISPR-Cas9, we found that endogenous OAS1 makes a substantial contribution to the antiviral state by recognizing short stretches of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and activating RNase L. We globally mapped where OAS1 binds to SARS-CoV-2 viral RNAs and found that OAS1 binding is remarkably specific, with two conserved stem loops in the SARS-CoV-2 5′-untranslated region (UTR) constituting the principal viral target. OAS1 expression was readily detectable at the sites of infection in individuals who died of COVID-19, and specific OAS1 alleles are known to be associated with altered susceptibility to infection and severe disease. It had previously been reported that alleles containing a common splice-acceptor single nucleotide polymorphism in OAS1 (Rs10774671) were associated with less severe COVID-19. We determined that people with at least one allele with a G at this position could express a prenylated form of OAS1 (p46), whereas other individuals could not. Using a series of mutants, we found that C-terminal prenylation was necessary for OAS1 to initiate a block to SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, confocal microscopy revealed that prenylation targeted OAS1 to perinuclear structures rich in viral dsRNA, whereas non-prenylated OAS1 was diffusely localized and unable to initiate a detectable block to SARS-CoV-2 replication. The realization that prenylation is essential for OAS1-mediated sensing of SARS-CoV-2 allowed us to examine the transcriptome of infected patients and investigate whether there was a link between the expression of prenylated OAS1 and SARS-CoV-2 disease progression. Analysis of the OAS1 transcripts from 499 hospitalized COVID-19 patients revealed that expressing prenylated OAS1 was associated with protection from severe COVID-19. Because prenylated OAS1 was so important in human cases, we wanted to determine whether horseshoe bats, the likely source of SARS-CoV-2, possessed the same defense. When we examined the genomic region where the prenylation signal should reside, retrotransposition of a long terminal repeat sequence had ablated this signal, preventing the expression of prenylated anti-CoV OAS1 in these bats. CONCLUSION C-terminal prenylation targets OAS1 to intracellular sites rich in viral dsRNA, which are likely the SARS-CoV-2 replicative organelles. Once in the right place, OAS1 binds to dsRNA structures in the SARS-CoV-2 5′-UTR and initiates a potent block to SARS-CoV-2 replication. Thus, the correct targeting of OAS1 and the subsequent inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 likely underpins the genetic association of alleles containing a G at Rs10774671 with reduced susceptibility to infection and severe disease in COVID-19. Moreover, the conspicuous absence of this antiviral defense in horseshoe bats potentially explains why SARS-CoV-2 is so sensitive to this defense in humans

Identificacao de Tospovirus em hortalicas no Submedio Sao Francisco utilizando DAS-ELISA e Dot-ELISA.

Coletaram-se 216 amostras de folhas com sintomas suspeitos de vira-cabeca, de plantas de tomate (128), cebola (55), pimentao (16) e alface (17), em 22 lotes dos Perimetros Irrigados Senador Nilo Coelho (Petrolina- PE) e Mandacaru, Juazeiro- BA e, Fazenda Brilhante, Municipio de Santa Maria da Boa Vista- PE. A identificacao das especies de tospovirus foi feita em formato DAS-ELISA (double antibody sandwich) (tomate, alface e pementao) e em Dot-ELISA (cebola), segundo a divergencia da proteina do nucleocapsideo (N), utilizando-se um painel de anti-soros policlonais contra as especies de tospovirus: Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Tomato chlrotic spot virus (TCSV), Groundnut ring spot virus (GRSV), Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) e um isolado de cebola (BR-10). A especie de tospovirus GRSV foi detectado, com reacao positiva para 94 (43.52%) das 140 amostras coletadas, sendo 64 de tomate (50% das amostras coletadas para a cultura), 16 de alface (94.11%) e 14 de pimentao (87.5%). Das 55 amostras de cebola, 46 (83.63%) reagiram exclusivamente com anti-soro de um isolado de cebola, BR-10. As outras 76 amostras mostraram reacao negativa para estas especies de tospovirus. Nenhum isolado de TSWV, TCSV ou INSV foi detectado. Observou-se que a incidencia de vira-cabeca variou de 5-100% nas areas de tomate visitadas.Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T00:36:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FitopatologiaBrasileirav.21n.4p.5035081996.pdf: 4324565 bytes, checksum: f87df3fb923511ecd82dcbbc692cf9a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1997-06-20bitstream/item/181152/1/Fitopatologia-Brasileira-v.21-n.4-p.503-508-1996.pd

Effects of margarines and butter consumption on lipid profiles, inflammation markers and lipid transfer to HDL particles in free-living subjects with the metabolic syndrome

Objective: Our purpose was to examine the effects of daily servings of butter, no-trans-fat margarine and plant sterol margarine, within recommended amounts, on plasma lipids, apolipoproteins (Apos), biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, and on the transfer of lipids to HDL particles in free-living subjects with the metabolic syndrome. Methods: This was a randomized, single-blind study where 53 metabolic syndrome subjects (62% women, mean age 54 years) received isocaloric servings of butter, no-trans-fat margarine or plant sterol margarine in addition to their usual diets for 5 weeks. The main outcome measures were plasma lipids, Apo, inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction markers (CRP, IL-6, CD40L or E-selectin), small dense LDL cholesterol concentrations and in vitro radioactive lipid transfer from cholesterol-rich emulsions to HDL. Difference among groups was evaluated by analysis of variance. Results: There was a significant reduction in Apo-B (-10.4 %, P = 0.043) and in the Apo-B/Apo-A-1 ratio (-11.1%, P = 0.034) with plant sterol margarine. No changes in plasma lipids were noticed with butter and no-trans-fat margarine. Transfer rates of lipids to HDL were reduced in the no-trans-fat margarine group: triglycerides -42.0%, (P<0.001 vs butter and sterol margarine) and free cholesterol -16.2% (P = 0.006 vs sterol margarine). No significant effects were noted on the concentrations of inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction markers among the groups. Conclusions: In free-living subjects with the metabolic syndrome consumption of plant sterol and no-trans-fat margarines within recommended amounts reduced, respectively, Apo-B concentrations and the ability of HDL to accept lipids. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2010) 64, 1141-1149; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2010.122; published online 21 July 2010CNPq Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Pesquisa (National Research and Scientific Council) of BrazilFundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)US Department of Agricultur

Unusual case of epigastric heteropagus twinning

Asymmetrical conjoined twins or heteropagus twins are extremely rare. They are characterized by an incomplete component (parasite) that is normally smaller and dependent on the host (autosite). in cases of an epigastric heteropagus twin, the insertion occurs in the epigastrium. There are few reports of epigastric heteropagus twinning in the English-language literature. ne authors report an extremely rare case of epigastric heteropagus twinning in which the parasite presented with head, thorax, and a rudimentary heart. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Pediat Surg, Pediat Surg Sect, BR-04025000 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Sect Fetal Med, BR-04025000 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Pediat Surg, Pediat Surg Sect, BR-04025000 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Sect Fetal Med, BR-04025000 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc