Climate change and future scenarios for palisade grass production in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

The objective of this work was to analyze future scenarios for palisade grass yield subjected to climate change for the state of São Paulo, Brazil. An empirical crop model was used to estimate yields, according to growing degree-days adjusted by one drought attenuation factor. Climate data from 1963 to 2009 of 23 meteorological stations were used for current climate conditions. Downscaled outputs of two general circulation models were used to project future climate for the 2013-2040 and 2043-2070 periods, considering two contrasting scenarios of temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentration increase (high and low). Annual dry matter yield should be from 14 to 42% higher than the current one, depending on the evaluated scenario. Yield variation between seasons (seasonality) and years is expected to increase. The increase of dry matter accumulation will be higher in the rainy season than in the dry season, and this result is more evident for soils with low-water storage capacity. The results varied significantly between regions (60%). Despite their higher climate potential, warmer regions will probably have a lower increase in future forage production

Impact of aerobic exercise on anxiety and neurobiological mechanisms in panic disorder: a mini-review

In the last few decades exercise has been explored as a potential tool to reduce symptoms experienced by patients with panic disorder (PD). This review aims to present the effects of exercise interventions on panic severity, and anxiety symptoms of patients with PD. A literature search was conducted using PubMeb and ISI Web of Science databases, with the search terms panic disorder and aerobic exercise, exercise therapy, physical fitness, physical activity, aerobic training. Acute studies suggest that exercise immediately increases panic-related symptoms, but allows the reduction of artificially induced increase panic attacks and anxiety. There is still no clear evidence indicating that regular exercise programs reduce panic-related symptoms, but it seems that this intervention is effective to improve global anxiety measures. In addition, exercise seems to induce neurobiological effects that influence on several neural mechanisms related to anxiety disorders, such as increase of monoamine levels and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).Both aerobic exercise and regular aerobic exercise seem to be an appropriate intervention to promote improvements in the severity of anxiety symptoms in PD patients. It is suggested a greater control in the prescription of aerobic exercise, to bring promising answers regarding the efficacy of exercise on symptoms in patients with PD.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio