A 3D mathematical model for planning ostectomy on long-bone angular deformities

This study describes a 3D mathematical model for planning a corrective ostectomy on long bones with angular deformities based on CT imaging. The use of three-dimensional information allows the model to compute and correct the bone angulation and rotation. The cutting point selection is developed minimizing the bone length reduction inherent in an ostectomy process. An example of its application on a two year old dog is shown at the end of the paper.Veterinari

Characterization of fruit and vegetable waste as an alternative ruminant feed in Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico

Objective: to characterize and measure the amount of fruit residues generated during four weeks in a commercial establishment dedicated to the elaboration and sale of fruit juices and cocktails in Pachuca City, Hidalgo, Mexico. Design/Methodology/Approximation: The total of fruit residues generated in a working day (one day) in an establishment dedicated to the sale of juices and smoothies in the city of Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo, Mexico was collected from Monday to Saturday during four weeks in September and October 2019. The residues were daily weighed and separated according to the type of fruit and analyzed for dry matter, crude protein and ash. The design was completely random. Results: the orange peel predominated, and the volume of residues was constant accumulating 465 kg during the four weeks. The moisture content was from 75 to 94%, depending on the type of fruit. The CP concentration was from 4.33 to 6.95% except for the papaya peel (11.55% CP) Limitations/Implications: An alternative to avoid landfill deposition of this wastes is to subject it to a silage process and thus reduce negative impacts on the environment, generate valuable products and reduce pressure on natural resources. Findings/Conclusions: The amount of fruit and vegetable wastes is constant throughout the week, its proportion of dry matter is low, but it can be combined with cereal straw and ensiled to generate valuable products and avoid its deposition in landfills.Objective: Measure and characterize the fruit and vegetable waste generated duringa working day in a commercial juice and fruit cocktail establishment in Pachuca,Hidalgo, Mexico, for four weeks.Design/ methodology/ approach: The total amount of fruit waste generated duringa working day in a commercial juice and smoothie establishment in Pachuca,Hidalgo, Mexico, was collected Monday through Saturday for four weeks inSeptember and October 2019. Waste was weighted and separated daily into thedifferent types of fruit. We then analyzed their dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP),and ash (Ash) content. The experimental design was completely randomized.Results: The amount of fruit and vegetable waste was constant during the fourcollection weeks; the total amount of waste collected was 465 kg; orange peel wasthe most abundant waste (75%). The moisture content ranged from 75 to 94% basedon the type of fruit. The CP concentration ranged from 4.33 to 6.95%, except for thepapaya peel, which had a CP content of 11.55%.Limitations/ implications: An alternative to avoid landfilling this type of organicwaste is to subject it to a silage-making process; this would reduce negative 2environmental impacts, generate value-added products, and reduce the pressure onnatural resources.Findings/ conclusions: The amount of fruit and vegetable waste produced everyweek was constant for four weeks. Although their dry matter content is low, thesewastes, mixed with cereal straw and subjected to a silage-making process, can resultin value-added products, and avoid landfilling

ELOVL6 Genetic Variation Is Related to Insulin Sensitivity: A New Candidate Gene in Energy Metabolism

BACKGROUND: The elongase of long chain fatty acids family 6 (ELOVL6) is an enzyme that specifically catalyzes the elongation of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids with 12, 14 and 16 carbons. ELOVL6 is expressed in lipogenic tissues and it is regulated by sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1). OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether ELOVL6 genetic variation is associated with insulin sensitivity in a population from southern Spain. DESIGN: We undertook a prospective, population-based study collecting phenotypic, metabolic, nutritional and genetic information. Measurements were made of weight and height and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Insulin resistance was measured by homeostasis model assessment. The type of dietary fat was assessed from samples of cooking oil taken from the participants' kitchens and analyzed by gas chromatography. Five SNPs of the ELOVL6 gene were analyzed by SNPlex. RESULTS: Carriers of the minor alleles of the SNPs rs9997926 and rs6824447 had a lower risk of having high HOMA_IR, whereas carriers of the minor allele rs17041272 had a higher risk of being insulin resistant. An interaction was detected between the rs6824447 polymorphism and the intake of oil in relation with insulin resistance, such that carriers of this minor allele who consumed sunflower oil had lower HOMA_IR than those who did not have this allele (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Genetic variations in the ELOVL6 gene were associated with insulin sensitivity in this population-based study

Status, distribution and long term changes in the waterbird community wintering in Doñana, south-west Spain

The Guadalquivir Marshes or Doñana wetland complex is the most important wintering site for migratory waterbirds in the Mediterranean region. However, there is a lack of previous information on the status of different species in this area. Using monthly aerial counts conducted from 1978 to 2005, we analysed the size of wintering populations of 21 waterbird species, their distribution within the Guadalquivir Marshes, and their long- term population trends. We used Underhill indices to replace missing values and to correct for flocks of unidentified ducks. Based on long-term means, we identified 16 species whose populations at Doñana exceed 1% of the biogeographical flyway population. For at least one month of the year, mean counts were around 10% of the flyway population for six species. The natural, temporary marshes of Doñana National Park were particularly important for Anatidae, ricefields for gulls, white storks and grey herons, fish ponds for flamingos, cormorants and avocets, and salt pans for shelduck. Four Anatidae species have undergone long-term declines and eight non-Anatidae have undergone long-term increases. Population trends were related with trophic guild, migratory status and habitat use. Winter visitors and herbivorous species showed more negative trends than resident, omnivorous-carnivorous species. Those species concentrated in strictly-protected natural marshes have tended to decline. The surface area of ricefields and fish ponds has increased over the study period, and bird species concentrated in these artificial wetlands have tended to increase. This raises questions about the value of waterbirds as flagship or umbrella species for wetland conservation. Keywords: wetlands, aerial counts, population trends, habitat transformation, migratory status, trophic guildPeer reviewe

Monochloramine effects on gallbladder contractility

8 Pág. Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Agronomía​Digestive inflammatory processes induce motility alterations associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species production, including monochloramine (NH2 Cl). The aim of the study was to characterize the effects of the naturally occurring oxidant monochloramine in the guinea pig gallbladder. We used standard in vitro contractility technique to record guinea pig gallbladder strips contractions. NH2 Cl caused a concentration-dependent contraction which was reduced by inhibition of extracellular Ca2+ influx and tyrosine kinase pathways. The PKC antagonist GF109203X also reduced the response but not after previous tyrosine kinase inhibition, suggesting that PKC is activated by tyrosine kinase activity. The NH2 Cl contractile effect was also reduced by inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase. In addition, NH2 Cl impaired the responses to CCK, tissue depolarization and electrical field stimulation. In conclusion, we present new evidence that monochloramine impairs not only the gallbladder response to CCK but also to membrane depolarization and nervous plexus stimulation, and that tyrosine kinase, PKC, MAPK and NO pathways are involved in the contractile direct effect of monochloramine.The study was supported by grants IB18025 and GR18119 from Junta de Extremadura, Spain.Peer reviewe