Methods for Diagnosing Some Malignant Neoplasms of the Canine Nasal Mucosa

AbstractThe aim of this study is to highlight the easiest method of investigation (nasal lavage or rhinoscopy) depending on the animal condition. 18 dogs were investigated, which presented at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, with respiratory distress due to obstruction of the nasal cavities. The sampling for cytological diagnosis was done using the two techniques, the nasal lavage and rhinoscopy. It is most useful to try the lavage first, because it is less invasive, and only then, if case of poor cellularity after centrifugation, or in case of a inflammatory process with unfavourable post-treatment evolution, endoscopy will be used. Cytomorphological diagnosis using, after rhinoscopy or nasal lavage, have evidentiated the following forms of nasal cancer: 10 cases out of 18 were epithelial neoplasms of the olfactory mucosa; 6 cases out of 18 were nerve tumors (malignant melanoma, estesiocarcinoma); 2 cases out of 18 were mesenchymal tumors (osteosarcoma, fibrosarcoma). The nasal lavage is a good sampling method but has the disadvantage of sometimes encountering an acute or chronic inflammatory process that can shield the tumor process

Citomorphological diagnostic of malignant histiocytic neoplasm in dogs

From the literature results that it can’t be found information, for the canine species, about the cytomorfological differential diagnosis in the malignant histio-dendritical proliferations. In this paper the authors want to bring a series of exclusive cytomorphologic arguments for the positive diagnosis and differential diagnosis of canine malignat proliferations, which have as a proliferative cellular base, the histiocytic cell and the dendritic cell. In this study we discuss three cytomorphologic forms of malignant proliferations of the histiocytic and dendritic cell. Two of these forms, the dendritic sarcoma and the histiocytic sarcoma, belong to the malignant lymphoma category; these are solid tumors localized in the tegument, lymph nodes and spleen. The third histiocytic proliferation forms is the histiomonocytic leukemia, which belongs to the liquid forms, localized in the hematopoietic marrow, with permanent cytemic discharge in the peripheral blood. Between the dendritic sarcoma and the histiocytic sarcoma diagnosis confusions can be created. The differential diagnosis can be made with difficulty on the histopathological sample, but very easily on the cytomorphological ones. The differences obtained by the cytomorphological technique, which ensures at the end the differential diagnosis, are generated by two easily identifiable aspects: the first one consist in the presence of a large cytoplasm with multiple prolongations in dendritic sarcoma and total absence of this aspect in the histiocytic malignant cellular forms; the second aspect consists in the presence of a true syncytial cellular pointing out a veritable cytoplasmic mega-anastomosis in the dendritic sarcoma, and the lack of this aspect in the histiocytic proliferations. Histiomonocytic leukemia differs fundamentally from any other leukemia cell form by the the existence of a very high cellular polymorphism with cell gigantism and monstrosities. Finally, we make the assessment that besides the cytomorphological exam, there is no other methodology of these histiocytic proliferative variants except immunohistochemistry, which is an expensive and time consuming method. Histopathology can only provide the information that the malignant proliferation have as a cellular base, the histiocytic cell

Replication study of 34 common SNPs associated with prostate cancer in the Romanian population

Prostate cancer is the third‐most common form of cancer in men in Romania. The Romanian unscreened population represents a good sample to study common genetic risk variants. However, a comprehensive analysis has not been conducted yet. Here, we report our replication efforts in a Romanian population of 979 cases and 1027 controls, for potential association of 34 literature‐reported single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with prostate cancer. We also examined whether any SNP was differentially associated with tumour grade or stage at diagnosis, with disease aggressiveness, and with the levels of PSA (prostate specific antigen). In the allelic analysis, we replicated the previously reported risk for 19 loci on 4q24, 6q25.3, 7p15.2, 8q24.21, 10q11.23, 10q26.13, 11p15.5, 11q13.2, 11q13.3. Statistically significant associations were replicated for other six SNPs only with a particular disease phenotype: low‐grade tumour and low PSA levels (rs1512268), high PSA levels (rs401681 and rs11649743), less aggressive cancers (rs1465618, rs721048, rs17021918). The strongest association of our tested SNP's with PSA in controls was for rs2735839, with 29% increase for each copy of the major allele G, consistent with previous results. Our results suggest that rs4962416, previously associated only with prostate cancer, is also associated with PSA levels, with 12% increase for each copy of the minor allele C. The study enabled the replication of the effect for the majority of previously reported genetic variants in a set of clinically relevant prostate cancers. This is the first replication study on these loci, known to associate with prostate cancer, in a Romanian population.This study was funded in part by the European Union FP7 Program (ProMark project 202059) and by the EEA grant (ROMCAN project RO14-0017; EEA-JRP-RO-NO-20131-10191).Peer reviewe

Identification of Lynch syndrome risk variants in the Romanian population.

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked DownloadTwo familial forms of colorectal cancer (CRC), Lynch syndrome (LS) and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), are caused by rare mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2) and the genes APC and MUTYH, respectively. No information is available on the presence of high-risk CRC mutations in the Romanian population. We performed whole-genome sequencing of 61 Romanian CRC cases with a family history of cancer and/or early onset of disease, focusing the analysis on candidate variants in the LS and FAP genes. The frequencies of all candidate variants were assessed in a cohort of 688 CRC cases and 4567 controls. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 was performed on tumour tissue. We identified 11 candidate variants in 11 cases; six variants in MLH1, one in MSH6, one in PMS2, and three in APC. Combining information on the predicted impact of the variants on the proteins, IHC results and previous reports, we found three novel pathogenic variants (MLH1:p.Lys84ThrfsTer4, MLH1:p.Ala586CysfsTer7, PMS2:p.Arg211ThrfsTer38), and two novel variants that are unlikely to be pathogenic. Also, we confirmed three previously published pathogenic LS variants and suggest to reclassify a previously reported variant of uncertain significance to pathogenic (MLH1:c.1559-1G>C).European Union EE

Immunohistochemical expression of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), diamine oxidase (DAO),putrescine (PUT) and spermine (SPM) in normal canine enterocolic mucosa, in chronic colitis, and in colorectal cancer

We compared the immunohistochemical expression of putrescine (PUT), spermine (SPM), ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), and diamine oxidase (DAO) in bioptic samples of canine colonic mucosa with chronic inflammation (i.e., granulomatous colitis and lymphoplasmacytic colitis) or neoplasia. Single and total polyamines levels were significantly higher in neoplastic tissue than in normal samples. Samples with different degrees of inflammation showed a general decrease expression of ODC if compared to controls; SPM was practically not expressed in control samples and very low in samples with chronic-granulomatous inflammation. In carcinomatous samples, the ODC activity was higher with respect to controls and samples with inflammation. This is the first description of polyamines expression in dog colonic mucosa in normal and in different pathological conditions, suggesting that the balance between polyamine degradation and biosynthesis is evidently disengaged during neoplasia

Xenobiochemic specificity of the deoxyribonucleic acid interaction with some cytostatic chemotherapeutics

The mostly recommended methods in oncotherapy are the surgical intervention, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy or a combination between them. The chemotherapy consists in the use of various drugs among which the most important are : the alkylating agents, antimetabolites, steroid hormones, antibiotics, phyto alkaloids, metal based drugs. In this review there are discussed the molecular mechanisms of the interaction of an alkylating cytostatic, i.e. cyclophosphamide (2 bis( -chloroethyl) amino-1-oxa-3-aza-2-phosphocyclohexan-2-oxide) – Cp and of a metal based cytostatic, i.e. cis-platinumum (cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum) - cDDP with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Cyclophosphamide and cis-platinum present similar mechanism of interaction with DNA. Interacting with DNA these cytostatics give rise to mono- and bidentate adducts. The topics are of interest for comparative medicine (veterinary and human medicine). A particular importance arising from the appearance of the DNA-chemotherapeutic adducts is that these compounds can be detected analytically and can provide information on the consequences of the biochemical injury. Detection of DNA adducts is useful not only for the diagnosis of neoplastic diseases, but also for biomonitoring the evolution during chemotherapy