The competitiveness and sustainability of Scale-ups in Latin America

Este estudio es una revisión bibliográfica centrada en la relación de la competitividad y sostenibilidad de las Scale-Up en Latinoamérica, concepto entendido como la dinámica de crecer aceleradamente en función de la habilidad de mantener un desempeño similar o mayor en el modelo de negocio, ya sea incrementando o reduciendo los componentes y recursos. Se describe su tipología, en las cuales se encuentran la competitividad de las naciones, la competitividad empresarial y la competitividad industrial y se abordan sus diferentes dimensiones, la sostenibilidad económica, social y ecológica, dando alcance a una comprensión general y punto de vista global acerca de sus conceptualizaciones de manera unificada; dentro de este estudio también se analiza el emprendimiento asociado a la competitividad y a la dinámica empresarial

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortiu (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module

We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care–associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396 days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central line–associated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U.S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN