A Semi-Markov Modulated Interest Rate Model

In this paper we propose a semi-Markov modulated model of interest rates. We assume that the switching process is a semi-Markov process with finite state space E and the modulated process is a diffusive process. We derive recursive equations for the higher order moments of the discount factor and we describe a Monte Carlo al- gorithm to execute simulations. The results are specialized to classical models as those by Vasicek, Hull and White and CIR with a semi-Markov modulation

A thorough synthetic study on IP effects in AEM data from different systems

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Mean Difference of Truncated Normal Distribution

The purpose of this paper is to broaden the knowledge of mean difference and, in particular, of an important distribution model known as truncated normal distribution, which is widely used in applied sciences and economics. In this work, we obtained the general formula of mean difference, which is not yet reported in literature, for the aforementioned distribution model and also for particular truncated cases

EU-Trees4F, a dataset on the future distribution of European tree species

We present "EU-Trees4F", a dataset of current and future potential distributions of 67 tree species in Europe at 10 km spatial resolution. We provide both climatically suitable future areas of occupancy and the future distribution expected under a scenario of natural dispersal for two emission scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) and three time steps (2035, 2065, and 2095). Also, we provide a version of the dataset where tree ranges are limited by future land use. These data-driven projections were made using an ensemble species distribution model calibrated using EU-Forest, a comprehensive dataset of tree species occurrences for Europe, and driven by seven bioclimatic parameters derived from EURO-CORDEX regional climate model simulations, and two soil parameters. "EU-Trees4F", can benefit various research fields, including forestry, biodiversity, ecosystem services, and bio-economy. Possible applications include the calibration or benchmarking of dynamic vegetation models, or informing forest adaptation strategies based on assisted tree migration. Given the multiple European policy initiatives related to forests, this dataset represents a timely and valuable resource to support policymaking.Peer reviewe

Multifunctional bioinspired sol-gel coatings for architectural glasses

Although several multinational companies have recently released products incorporating bioinspired functional coatings, their practical integration in building envelopes is still an open issue. High production costs associated to the existing vacuum deposition technologies, as well as the difficulties in extending the number of functions achievable by a single coating, represent to date the main limitations to their diffusion on a large scale. This review summarizes the key topics in the field of functional coatings for architectural glasses, focusing in particular on the potential applications of sol-gel based antireflective and self-cleaning coatings, that have received a tremendous attention in the last years. It provides an overview of the recent research efforts aimed to improve their properties and to extend their range of applicability. The bioinspired principles, upon which such coatings are based, are also described and are related to the chemical and morphological properties of such surfaces. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Palatability of \u3cem\u3ePsolarea\u3c/em\u3e spp. Accessions Offered as Micro-Swards to Dairy Sheep

Psoralea bituminosa C.H. Stirton (syn. Bituminaria bituminosa L.) is a perennial legume usually considered of low palatability because of the strong smell that can be emitted by oil glands located on its foliage. However the nutritive value of P. bituminosa in terms of forage composition and digestibility was proven similar to or even better than that of other legumes. The aerial part of this species may contain a high concentration of furano-coumarins, out of which psoralen and angelicin are the most abundant (Pecetti et al. 2007). These substances could be harmful to animals, being responsible for contact photodermatitis, in addition to possibly limiting forage intake. Nevertheless there are some examples of the utilisation of P. bituminosa either as green or dry forage. In the Canary Islands, it is grazed all year and also is collected from late spring to mid-summer to make hay used to feed goats (Ventura et al. 2009). In Israel P. bituminosa is grazed by cattle in particular in mid-spring, when the principal grasses become less palatable. In late spring, when the herbaceous species dry up, P. bituminosa becomes the only species with green leaves and cattle graze the whole plant intensively (Sternberg et al. 2006). The potentiality of Psoralea as forage species for dairy sheep is less known. For that reason an experiment was carried out to evaluate the propensity of Sarda dairy sheep towards different accessions of Psoralea spp. using the micro-swards method (Orr et al. 2005)