Secondary effluent irrigation in the growth, yeld and nutrient concentrations in the soil and in the Ricinus communis L.

A cultura da mamona, devido à elevada necessidade de água e de nutrientes, possui características ideais para o recebimento, via irrigação, de águas residuárias de esgoto doméstico tratado. A principal vantagem desta prática é a reciclagem de água e nutrientes. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar, por meio de experimento em condições de campo, o efeito de três configurações de tratamento de esgoto doméstico, água de abastecimento e lâminas de irrigação sobre o crescimento, produtividade, estado nutricional da planta e fertilidade do solo ao final do experimento. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 4x2 com quatro repetições. Os fatores de estudo foram quatro tipos de água (Al - Efluente do reator UASB + Lagoa de polimento; A2 - Efluente do Decanto-Digestor + Filtro anaeróbio + Lagoa de estabilização; A3 - Efluente do Filtro anaeróbio + Lagoa de estabilização e A4 - Água de abastecimento) e duas lâminas de irrigação (Ll=100 e L2=120% da Evapotranspiração de cultivo). A água foi aplicada utilizando um sistema de irrigação localizada por gotejamento com irrigações a cada três dias. Avaliaram-se altura de planta, diâmetro caulinar e número de folhas aos 29, 43, 57, 71 e 86 dias após a germinação. Ao final do experimento foram obtidos a produtividade de sementes, fitomassa aérea, estado nutricional das plantas e a fertilidade do solo. Com base nos resultados concluiu-se que as plantas irrigadas com o efluente tratado apresentaram crescimento e produtividade de sementes significativamente iguais, porém superiores às plantas irrigadas com água de abastecimento. O teor de óleo das sementes foi maior para as plantas irrigadas com 120% da ETc. Em relação ao solo, constatou-se que os teores de P, K e Na no solo não diferiram estatisticamente, para as três configurações de tratamento de água residuária. Por meio da análise foliar da mamoneira, constatou-se que, de maneira geral, a planta não sofreu restrições quanto aos teores de P, Ca e Mg. As concentrações de N, K e Na nos tecidos foliares foram significativamente iguais, para as plantas irrigadas com efluente tratado. Os resultados obtidos permitem considerar que é promissor o aproveitamento de efluentes de esgoto doméstico tratado em cultivos agrícolas.Castor bean cultivation, due to the high water and nutrients consumption, presents the ideal characteristics for receiving wastewater from treated sewage. Economics of fertilizer, recycling of water and nutrients and increased productivity are the main advantages of this practice. The objective of this study was to investigate, under field conditions, the effect of three configurations of domestic wastewater treatment, water supply and water depth on growth, yield, plant nutritional status and fertility of the soil at the end of the experiment. A randomized block design was used, with 4x2 scheme of factorial analysis with four replications, testing four types of water (Al - effluent from the UASB reactor + Polishing Pond; A2 - effluent from the Digester Decant + Anaerobic Filter + Stabilization Pond; A3 - effluent form the Anaerobic Filter + Stabilization Pond; and A4 - Urban water supply) and two water depths (100% and 120% Crops évapotranspiration). Water was applied using a drip irrigation system every three days. Plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves were evaluated at 29, 43, 57, 71 and 86 days after germination. Productivity of seeds, plant nutritional status and soil fertility were evaluated at the end of the experiment. Based on the results no significant difference in growth and seed production when using treated wastewater. Contribution of nutrients through wastewater favored the growth of plants, but was not enough to increase the production in appropriate levels of mineral fertilization and irrigation. For soil fertility, there was no significant difference in levels of P, K and Na for the three configurations of wastewater treatment. In general, there were no restrictions regarding the contents of P, Ca and Mg in the leaf of castor bean. The concentrations of N, K and Na in the leaf tissues were significantly equal for plants irrigated with treated effluent.CNP

GROWTH AND SEED YIELD OF SUNFLOWER ON SOIL FERTILIZED WITH CASSAVA WASTEWATER

Cassava wastewater is the liquid residue of the cassava flour processing and its application to the soil as fertilizer for agricultural crops is a good alternative to sources of nutrients for plants. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the growth and seed yield of sunflower on soil fertilized with cassava wastewater. A randomized block experimental design with four replications was used, with six cassava wastewater rates (0, 8.5, 17, 34, 68 and 136 m3 ha-1) and six plant sampling times (15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days after sowing), using the sunflower cultivar Helio-250. The evaluated variables were total leaf area, leaf area index, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, leaf weight ratio, shoot dry mass and sunflower seed yield. The use of cassava wastewater rate of 136 m3 ha-1 increases the seed yield, leaf area, leaf area index and shoot dry mass, and results in lower leaf area ratio, specific leaf area and leaf weight ratio of sunflower (cv. Helio-250) crops

Production and morphological components of sunflower on soil fertilized with cassava wastewater

ABSTRACT Agroindustrial residues, such as cassava wastewater, have been used as soil fertilizers, reducing environmental pollution and recovering nutrients. The objective of this work was to evaluate production and morphological components and oil yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus), hybrid Helio-250, fertilized with cassava wastewater. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station of the Instituto Agronomico de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. A randomized block experimental design was used, with six cassava wastewater rates (0, 8.5, 17.0, 34.0, 68.0 and 136 m3 ha-1) and four replications. The variables evaluated were shoot fresh and dry weight, capitulum fresh and dry weight, capitulum diameter, seed yield, oil yield and seed oil content. The use cassava wastewater as soil fertilizer improved the production and morphological variables evaluated, except the seed oil content, which decreased with application of cassava wastewater rates above 25 m3 ha-1

Produção de alface em NFT e Floating aproveitando água salobra e o rejeito da dessalinização Lettuce production under NFT and Floating using brackish groundwater and the reject from its desalination

Plantas de alface cv. Elba foram cultivadas em dois sistemas hidropônicos, Floating e NFT, com o objetivo de avaliar três tipos de água: a água salobra natural (2,47 dS m-1) obtida a partir de um poço profundo; água doce (0,11 dS m-1) produzido por dessalinização por osmose inversa, e o rejeito salino (5,15 dS m-1), um efluente do processo de dessalinização. Estas águas foram combinadas em seis tratamentos resultantes da sua utilização alternada para preparar a solução nutritiva (SN) e/ou substituir as perdas por evapotranspiração (ETc). O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação na região semiárida de Pernambuco, utilizando 48 unidades experimentais em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 6x2 com quatro repetições. O rendimento da alface (massa de matéria fresca) foi maior nas condições do Floating. O uso exclusivo da água do poço profundo e do rejeito de dessalinizadores diminuiu 22,7 e 39,6% a produção de alface, respectivamente. Para uma melhor combinação de águas doces e salobras, o uso de água salobra para repor a perda por ETc pode aumentar a produção de alface em relação ao uso dessas águas para preparar a SN, estes resultados foram registrados para a água do poço profundo e o rejeito.Plants of lettuce cv. Elba were grown under two hydroponic systems, Floating and NFT, aiming to evaluate three water resources: natural brackish water (2,47 dS m-1) obtained from a deep well; fresh water (0,11 dS m-1) produced by reverse osmosis desalination; and reject brine (5,15 dS m-1), a wastewater from desalination process. These waters were combined in six treatments resulted from their alternated use to prepare nutrient solution (NS) and/or replace the evapotranspiration loss (ETc). The experiment was carried out under a greenhouse condition in the semiarid region of Pernambuco State, Brazil; 48 experimental units were used for both hydroponic systems. The lettuce yield (shoot fresh matter) was higher under Floating conditions. The single use of deep well water and reject brine decreased 22.7 and 39.6% the lettuce yield, respectively. For a better combination of fresh and brackish waters, the use of brackish water to replace ETc loss may increase the lettuce yield in comparison to use these waters to prepare the NS; this result was registered for deep well water and reject

Continuous and pulse fertigation on dry matter production and nutrient accumulation in coriander

This study aimed to evaluate the dry matter production and nutrient accumulation of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) under pulse and continuous fertigation depths. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks in 2 x 5 factorial arrangement, with three replicates. Treatments consisted of two types of fertigation application (pulse and continuous) and five fertigation depths (40, 60, 80, 100 and 120% of crop evapotranspiration – ETc). Highest accumulations of dry matter, N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn were obtained with pulse fertigation. Pulse fertigation combined with depths lower than 100% ETc led to highest accumulations of K, Mn, Cu and Zn. The accumulation of nutrients decreased in the following order: K > N > Ca > P > Mg > S > Fe > Mn > Zn > CuEl objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la producción de masa seca y la acumulación de nutrientes del cilantro (Coriandrum sativum L.) bajo láminas de fertirrigación pulsada y continua. El experimento fue conducido en bloques al azar en esquema factorial 2 x 5, con tres repeticiones. Los tratamientos fueron compuestos por dos tipos de aplicación de fertirrigación (pulsada y continua) y cinco láminas de reposición de la fertirrigación (40, 60, 80, 100 y 120% de la evapotranspiración del cultivo-ETc). Los mayores acumuladores de masa seca, N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu y Zn, fueron obtenidos con la utilización de la fertirrigación pulsada. La aplicación de la fertirrigación pulsada combinada con láminas inferiores al 100% de la ETc proporcionaron las mayores acumulaciones de K, Mn, Cu y Zn. La acumulación de nutrientes disminuyó en el siguiente orden: K> N> Ca> P> Mg> S> Fe> Mn> Zn>

Production and morphological components of sunflower on soil fertilized with cassava wastewater

ABSTRACT Agroindustrial residues, such as cassava wastewater, have been used as soil fertilizers, reducing environmental pollution and recovering nutrients. The objective of this work was to evaluate production and morphological components and oil yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus), hybrid Helio-250, fertilized with cassava wastewater. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station of the Instituto Agronomico de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. A randomized block experimental design was used, with six cassava wastewater rates (0, 8.5, 17.0, 34.0, 68.0 and 136 m3 ha-1) and four replications. The variables evaluated were shoot fresh and dry weight, capitulum fresh and dry weight, capitulum diameter, seed yield, oil yield and seed oil content. The use cassava wastewater as soil fertilizer improved the production and morphological variables evaluated, except the seed oil content, which decreased with application of cassava wastewater rates above 25 m3 ha-1

Production components of sunflower plants irrigated with treated domestic wastewater and drinking water in semiarid region

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate production components of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants irrigated with domestic wastewaters treated by different processes, with two irrigation depths. The experiment was carried out in Ibimirim, state of Pernambuco, Brazil, using a randomized block design in a 4×2 factorial arrangement, with four replications. The treatments consisted of four irrigation water types (domestic wastewater treated by UASB reactor - DW1; domestic wastewater treated by digestion decanter and anaerobic filtration - DW2; domestic wastewater treated by anaerobic filtration - DW3; and public water - PW4) and two irrigation depths (equal to the crop evapotranspiration - ID1; and 20% higher than the crop evapotranspiration - ID2). The production components-plant fresh and dry weights, 1000-achene weight, capitulum internal diameter, achene yield, oil content, and oil yield-were evaluated at the end of the crop cycle. The irrigation with treated domestic wastewater improved all variables analyzed when compared to the drinking water, especially when using DW2 and DW3 with ID1

Effects of water salinity and nitrogen fertilization on the growth and yield of ‘BRS Gabriela’ castor beans

A mamoneira tem despertado atenção de muitos agricultores por ser mais uma alternativa para o Programa Nacional de Biocombustível e também por sua ampla utilização na indústria ricinoquímica, neste contexto a cultura exigirá grandes áreas de plantio para atender a demanda do mercado de combustíveis. Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar, em ambiente protegido, os efeitos da salinidade da água de irrigação e adubação nitrogenada sobre o crescimento e a produção da mamoneira, cultivar BRS Gabriela. O trabalho foi conduzido no Centro de Tecnologia e Recursos Naturais da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande. O delineamento estatístico foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5 x 4, com três repetições e uma planta por parcela. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por cinco níveis de condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação (CEa), 0,7; 1,7; 2,7; 3,7 e 4,7 dS m-1 associados a quatro doses de nitrogênio 60, 80, 100 e 120 mg de N kg-1 de solo. A interação entre salinidade das águas e doses de nitrogênio não exerceu efeitos significativos sobre as variáveis estudadas. O aumento da salinidade da água de irrigação prejudicou o crescimento em altura e o diâmetro de caule da mamoneira em todas as épocas avaliadas e a área foliar a partir dos 90 dias após a semeadura. O incremento das doses de nitrogênio exerceu efeito positivo sobre área foliar aos 60, 90, 120 e 150 dias após a semeadura. A massa total e de cem sementes, rendimento em sementes e número de frutos planta-1 diminuiu com o aumento da salinidade da água de irrigação, sendo a massa total de sementes a variável mais afetada.The castor bean has attracted the attention of many farmers as an alternative crop for the National Program of Biofuel and its extensive use in the ricinochemical industry. The crop requires large planting areas to meet the demands of the fuel market. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of irrigation water salinity and nitrogen fertilization on the growth and production of castor beans, ‘BRS Gabriela’, in a protected environment. The present study was conducted at the Center of Technology and Natural Resources of the Federal University of Campina Grande. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 5 × 4 factorial with three replications and one plant per plot. The treatments consisted of irrigation water with five electrical conductivity (ECw) levels of 0.7, 1.7, 2.7, 3.7, and 4.7 dS m-1 associated with four nitrogen levels of 60, 80, 100, and 120 mg of N kg-1 of soil. The interaction between water salinity and nitrogen rates did not exert significant effects on the variables studied. Increased salinity of irrigation water affected the growth in height and stem diameter of castor beans in all periods, and leaf area from 90 days after sowing. Increased nitrogen levels had a positive effect on leaf area at 60, 90, 120, and 150 days after sowing. The total mass of seeds, one hundred seed mass, yield, and number of fruits per plant decreased with the increase in water salinity, and the total mass of seeds was the most affected variable