Virus inactivation by high frequency ultrasound in combination with visible light

Summarization: In this study, the effects of high frequency ultrasound (US) and visible light (VL) on virus inactivation were investigated. The bacteriophages X174 and MS2 were used as model viruses. The experiments were performed at room temperature at three different, relatively high US frequencies (i.e., 582, 862, and 1142 kHz) with and without the use of VL, and different initial virus concentrations. The two bacteriophages were diluted in phosphate-buffered saline solution to a titer of 103–104 pfu/mL. The experimental virus inactivation data were satisfactorily represented by a simple first-order kinetic expression. Virus inactivation was faster at the lower frequencies (582 and 862 kHz). Furthermore, it was observed that MS2 was inactivated faster than X174. The simultaneous use of US and VL was found to be more effective than US alone for MS2 inactivation, indicating the existence of a synergistic effectPresented on: Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerface