Energy Contents of Some Well-Known Solutions in Teleparallel Gravity

In the context of teleparallel equivalent to General Relativity, we study energy and its relevant quantities for some well-known black hole solutions. For this purpose, we use the Hamiltonian approach which gives reasonable and interesting results. We find that our results of energy exactly coincide with several prescriptions in General Relativity. This supports the claim that different energy-momentum prescriptions can give identical results for a given spacetime. We also evaluate energy-momentum flux of these solutions.Comment: 16 pages, accepted for publication in Astrophys. Space Sc

Space-time defects and teleparallelism

We consider the class of space-time defects investigated by Puntigam and Soleng. These defects describe space-time dislocations and disclinations (cosmic strings), and are in close correspondence to the actual defects that arise in crystals and metals. It is known that in such materials dislocations and disclinations require a small and large amount of energy, respectively, to be created. The present analysis is carried out in the context of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity (TEGR). We evaluate the gravitational energy of these space-time defects in the framework of the TEGR and find that there is an analogy between defects in space-time and in continuum material systems: the total gravitational energy of space-time dislocations and disclinations (considered as idealized defects) is zero and infinit, respectively.Comment: 22 pages, no figures, to appear in the Class. Quantum Gravit

Caracterização de genes com expressão tecido-específica em raiz e folha de Coffea arabica.

O grande número de genes que tem sido identificado nos últimos anos terá um grande impacto no melhoramento genético vegetal, principalmente pela obtenção de plantas geneticamente modificadas. Tal inovação, apesar de já ocasionar um grande impacto na agricultura mundial aumentando produtividade e diminuindo custos no cultivo, tem sido alvo de muitas críticas e, uma das principais, tem sido a expressão constitutiva dos transgenes, a qual é promovida pelas seqüências promotoras atualmente empregadas. A alternativa mais viável para substituição de tais promotores é investir na clonagem e caracterização de promotores tecido específicos. Visando selecionar genes com expressão tecido específica em café (Coffea arabica) para posterior clonagem dos promotores correspondentes, no presente trabalho foi realizada a identificação e posterior validação de ESTs com expressão específica em raiz e folha. Para tal, análises ?in sílico? foram realizadas utilizando-se as informações e ferramentas disponíveis no Banco de Dados do Projeto Genoma Café. Até o momento foram identificadas treze seqüências com expressão específica em raiz e quatorze seqüências com expressão específica de folha. Visando a validação biológica de tais resultados, primers específicos para as seqüências alvo foram sintetizados. No processo de validação por RTPCR empregando RNA total de diferentes tecidos, dentre os vinte e sete candidatos analisados, apenas dois confirmaram ser tecido específicos, apresentando expressão em raiz e folha, respectivamente

On the energy of charged black holes in generalized dilaton-axion gravity

In this paper we calculate the energy distribution of some charged black holes in generalized dilaton-axion gravity. The solutions correspond to charged black holes arising in a Kalb-Ramond-dilaton background and some existing non-rotating black hole solutions are recovered in special cases. We focus our study to asymptotically flat and asymptotically non-flat types of solutions and resort for this purpose to the M{\o}ller prescription. Various aspects of energy are also analyzed.Comment: LaTe

The quadratic spinor Lagrangian is equivalent to the teleparallel theory

The quadratic spinor Lagrangian is shown to be equivalent to the teleparallel / tetrad representation of Einstein's theory. An important consequence is that the energy-momentum density obtained from this quadratic spinor Lagrangian is essentially the same as the ``tensor'' proposed by Moller in 1961.Comment: 10 pages, RevTe

Energy and Angular Momentum Densities in a Godel-Type Universe in the Teleparallel Geometry

The main scope of this research consists in evaluating the energy-momentum (gravitational field plus matter) and gravitational angular momentum densities in the universe with global rotation, considering the Godel-Obukhov metric. For this, we use the Hamiltonian formalism of the Teleparallel Equivalent of General Relativity (TEGR), which is justified for presenting covariant expressions for the considered quantities. We found that the total energy density calculated by the TEGR method is in agreement with the results reported by other authors in the literature using pseudotensors. The result found for the angular momentum density depends on the rotational parameter as expected. We also show explicitly the equivalence among the field equations of the TEGR and Einstein equations (RG), considering a perfect fluid and Godel-Obukhov metric.Comment: 20 pages, no figures. Revised in view of Referee's comments. Version to appear in the Gravitation and Cosmolog

Efeito do alumínio e de Glomus leptotichum Shenck e Smith no desenvolvimento de cultivares de Leucaena leucocephala (LAM) de Wit tolerante e intolerante ao alumínio.

Com o objetivo de avaliar a interacao micorrizica X Al toxico no substrato efetuou-se um experimento fatorial 2x2x2, em cada de vegetacao, no Departamento de genetica da ESALQ/USP, em piracicaba. Foram empregadas duas cultivares de Leucaena leucocephala, uma Al - tolerante e outra Al - intolerante (NO749), cultivadas em areia larava e esterelizada, com adicao de solucao nutritiva. A micorriza foi estabelecida com a inoculacao de Glomus leptotichum Shenck e Smith no substrato, mantendo-se com testemunhas a ausencia do fungo. Dois niveis de Al foram avaliados, 0 e 9 ppm, adicionados a solucao nutritiva. Aos 65 dias apos o transplante de plantulas procedeu-se a colheita e foram determinados o peso da materia seca e da parte aerea, altura de planta, porcentagemde colonizacao radicular, teor e quantidade acumulada de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, e Al na parte aerea. Observou-se um acentuado efeito promotor de micorriza em Leucaena, o que gerou-lhes incrementos tanto no desenvolvimento da planta como na absorcao de nutrientes. A cultivar intolerante ao Al toxico mostrou-se mais dependente da micorriza e inclusive mais beneficiada, apresentando os maiores acrescimos, na producao de materia seca e acumulo de nutrientes na parte aerea. Nas condicoes do experimento nao houve acentuada diferenca entre as doses de Al empregadas e, apesar do maior acumulo do elemento em plantas micorrizadas, nao foi observado interferencia no desenvolvimento das cultivares

Distribution of Energy-Momentum in a Schwarzschild-Quintessence Space-time Geometry

An analysis of the energy-momentum localization for a four-dimensional\break Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by quintessence is presented in order to provide expressions for the distributions of energy and momentum. The calculations are performed by using the Landau-Lifshitz and Weinberg energy-momentum complexes. It is shown that all the momenta vanish, while the expression for the energy depends on the mass $M$ of the black hole, the state parameter $w_{q}$ and the normalization factor $c$. The special case of $w_{q}=-2/3$ is also studied, and two limiting cases are examined.Comment: 9 page

Decreased point prevalence of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) oropharyngeal colonization by mass immunization of Brazilian children less than 5 years old with Hib polyribosylribitol phosphate polysaccharide-tetanus toroid conjugate vaccine in combination with diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-pertussis vaccine

A protective herd effect has been described after susceptible populations of children are vaccinated with conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), Hib carriage was studied in children aged 6-24 months attending day care centers in two cities in southern Brazil (Curitiba and Porto Alegre), in Curitiba, routine immunization with Hib polyribosylribitol phosphate polysaccharide-tetanus toroid conjugate vaccine (PRP-T) in combination with diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-pertussis vaccine (PRP-T/DTP) has been offered since September 1996; DTP vaccine alone is routinely given in Porto Alegre, Children in Porto Alegre (n = 643) were 8 times less likely to have received adequate Hib vaccination and 4 times more likely to be Hib carriers than children in Curitiba (n = 647; i.e., point prevalence of oropharyngeal colonization, 4.8% vs. 1.2%). Point prevalence of carriage with non-type b or other nontypeable Hi was similar in children of both cities, There was a vaccination effect on carriage rates in children who received a primary 3-dose series, independent of the booster dose, suggesting that a booster may be unnecessary to induce population protection.Pasteur Merieux Connaught Brasil, Dept Med, BR-04552905 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Pediat, São Paulo, BrazilSecretaria Estado Saude São Paulo, Inst Adolfo Lutz, Seccao Bacteriol, São Paulo, BrazilSanta Casa Misericordia São Paulo, Fac Ciencias Med, Dept Patol, São Paulo, BrazilSecretaria Municipal Saude Curitiba, Dept Epidemiol, Curitiba, Parana, BrazilSecretaria Municipal Saude Porto Alegre, Dept Epidemiol, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Pediat, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Covariance properties and regularization of conserved currents in tetrad gravity

We discuss the properties of the gravitational energy-momentum 3-form within the tetrad formulation of general relativity theory. We derive the covariance properties of the quantities describing the energy-momentum content under Lorentz transformations of the tetrad. As an application, we consider the computation of the total energy (mass) of some exact solutions of Einstein's general relativity theory which describe compact sources with asymptotically flat spacetime geometry. As it is known, depending on the choice of tetrad frame, the formal total integral for such configurations may diverge. We propose a natural regularization method which yields finite values for the total energy-momentum of the system and demonstrate how it works on a number of explicit examples.Comment: 36 pages, Revtex, no figures; small changes, published versio